印度将促进经济自力更生并促进卢比在全球的接受度

印度总理纳伦德拉·莫迪表示，印度必须在未来十年加强经济自力更生，以减轻全球危机的影响并促进全球对卢比的接受。在孟买举行的印度储备银行 (RBI) 90 周年庆典上，莫迪总理强调了加强自力更生的必要性。为了纪念1935年4月1日印度储备银行成立90周年，他还发行了纪念币。

Prime Minister Narendra Modi said India needs to increase its economic self-reliance in the next 10 years to mitigate the impact of global crises, and make rupee more accessible and acceptable throughout the world.

总理纳伦德拉·莫迪表示，印度需要在未来10年增强经济自力更生，以减轻全球危机的影响，并使卢比在全世界范围内更容易获得和接受。

PM Modi was addressing the opening ceremony of the 90th anniversary celebrations of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) in Mumbai on April 1. 

4 月 1 日，莫迪总理在孟买举行的印度储备银行 (RBI) 90 周年庆典开幕式上发表讲话。

The RBI commenced its operations on April 1, 1935.

印度储备银行于 1935 年 4 月 1 日开始运作。

The Prime Minister also released a commemorative coin to mark 90 years of the RBI.

相关文章 印度中心将 Shaktikanta Das 的 RBI 行长任期再延长 3 年 印度 9 月份零售通胀升至 7.41%，为 5 个月高点 总理还发行了一枚纪念币，以纪念 RBI 成立 90 周年。

History of RBI 

印度储备银行的历史

• The Reserve Bank of India is the central bank of the country. 

• 印度储备银行是该国的中央银行。

• Most central banks, as we know them today, were established around the early 20th century.

• 我们今天所知的大多数中央银行都是在 20 世纪初成立的。

• The RBI was set up on the basis of the recommendations of the Hilton Young Commission. 

• RBI 是根据希尔顿青年委员会的建议设立的。

• The Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934 (II of 1934) provides the statutory basis of the functioning of the Bank, which commenced operations on April 1, 1935.

• 1934 年《印度储备银行法》（1934 年第二版）为该银行的运作提供了法定基础，该银行于 1935 年 4 月 1 日开始运营。

• Sir Osborne Smith was appointed as the first governor of the RBI. 

• 奥斯本·史密斯爵士被任命为印度储备银行首任行长。

• In August 1943, Sir C.D. Deshmukh was appointed as the first Indian governor of the RBI.

• 1943 年 8 月，C.D. 爵士德什穆赫被任命为印度首位印度储备银行行长。

The Bank was constituted to

该银行的成立是为了

i) Regulate the issue of banknotes.

i) 规范纸币的发行。

ii) Maintain reserves with a view to securing monetary stability.

ii）维持储备以确保货币稳定。

iii) To operate the credit and currency system of the country to its advantage.

iii) 以有利于本国的方式运作国家的信贷和货币体系。

• The Bank began its operations by taking over from the government the functions so far being performed by the Controller of Currency and from the Imperial Bank of India, the management of government accounts and public debt. 

• 该银行开始运营时，从政府手中接管了迄今为止由货币总监和印度帝国银行履行的职能，即政府账户和公共债务的管理。

• The currency offices at Calcutta, Bombay, Madras, Rangoon, Karachi, Lahore and Cawnpore (Kanpur) became branches of the Issue Department. 

• 位于加尔各答、孟买、马德拉斯、仰光、卡拉奇、拉合尔和坎普尔（坎普尔）的货币办事处成为发行部的分支机构。

• Offices of the Banking Department were established in Calcutta, Bombay, Madras, Delhi and Rangoon.

• 银行部在加尔各答、孟买、马德拉斯、德里和仰光设立了办事处。

• Burma (Myanmar) seceded from the Indian Union in 1937 but the Reserve Bank continued to act as the Central Bank for Burma till Japanese Occupation of Burma and later up to April 1947. 

• 缅甸于 1937 年脱离印度联邦，但储备银行继续充当缅甸中央银行，直至日本占领缅甸以及后来的 1947 年 4 月。

• After the Partition, the Reserve Bank served as the central bank of Pakistan up to June 1948 when the State Bank of Pakistan commenced operations.

• 分治后，储备银行一直担任巴基斯坦中央银行，直至 1948 年 6 月巴基斯坦国家银行开始运营为止。

• The RBI, which was originally set up as a shareholder’s bank, was nationalised in 1949.

• 印度储备银行最初是作为股东银行成立的，于 1949 年被国有化。

• An interesting feature of the Reserve Bank of India was that at its very inception, the Bank was seen as playing a special role in the context of development, especially agriculture. 

• 印度储备银行的一个有趣的特点是，在其成立之初，该银行就被视为在发展（特别是农业）背景下发挥着特殊作用。

• When India commenced its plan endeavours, the development role of the Bank came into focus, especially in the 1960s when the Reserve Bank, in many ways, pioneered the concept and practice of using finance to catalyse development.

• 当印度开始实施计划时，央行的发展作用成为人们关注的焦点，特别是在 20 世纪 60 年代，储备银行在很多方面率先提出了利用金融促进发展的概念和实践。

• The Bank was also instrumental in institutional development and helped set up institutions like the Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation of India, the Unit Trust of India, the Industrial Development Bank of India, the National Bank of Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD), the Discount and Finance House of India, etc to build the financial infrastructure of the country.

• 世行还在机构发展方面发挥了重要作用，帮助建立了印度存款保险和信用担保公司、印度单位信托基金、印度工业发展银行、国家农业和农村发展银行（NABARD）等机构，印度贴现和金融机构等建设该国的金融基础设施。

• With liberalisation, the Bank’s focus has shifted back to core central banking functions like Monetary Policy, Bank Supervision and Regulation, and Overseeing the Payments System and onto developing the financial markets.

• 随着自由化，央行的重点又回到了中央银行的核心职能，如货币政策、银行监督和监管、支付系统监管以及金融市场的发展。

• The RBI has four zonal offices at Chennai, New Delhi, Kolkata and Mumbai. It has offices at 33 locations across India.

• 印度储备银行在钦奈、新德里、加尔各答和孟买设有四个地区办事处。该公司在印度各地设有 33 个办事处。

• As the central bank of India, RBI is an independent apex monetary authority which regulates banks and provides important financial services like storing of foreign exchange reserves, control of inflation, monetary policy report.

• 作为印度中央银行，印度储备银行是独立的最高货币当局，负责监管银行并提供重要的金融服务，如储存外汇储备、控制通货膨胀、货币政策报告。

• A central bank is a vital financial apex institution of an economy and the key objectives of central banks may differ from country to country. Still, they perform activities and functions with the goal of maintaining economic stability and growth of an economy.

• 中央银行是一个经济体至关重要的金融最高机构，各国中央银行的主要目标可能有所不同。尽管如此，他们的活动和职能仍以维持经济稳定和经济增长为目标。

• The RBI plays an important part in the development strategy of the country. 

• 印度储备银行在国家发展战略中发挥着重要作用。

• The general superintendence and direction of the RBI is entrusted with the 21-member central board of directors. 

• 印度储备银行的总体监督和指导权由21 名成员组成的中央董事会负责。

• It consists of the governor, four deputy governors, two finance ministry representatives, 10 government-nominated directors to represent important elements of India’s economy, and four directors to represent local boards headquartered at Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai and New Delhi.

• 它由行长、四名副行长、两名财政部代表、代表印度经济重要组成部分的 10 名政府提名董事以及代表总部位于孟买、加尔各答、金奈和新德里的地方董事会的四名董事组成。

Main functions of RBI

RBI的主要职能

• Monetary Authority: Formulates, implements and monitors the monetary policy. 

• 金融管理局：制定、实施和监督货币政策。

-Objective: Maintaining price stability while keeping in mind the objective of growth.

-目标：保持价格稳定，同时牢记增长目标。

• Regulator and supervisor of the financial system: Prescribes broad parameters of banking operations within which the country’s banking and financial system functions.

• 金融体系的监管者和监督者：规定了国家银行和金融体系运作的银行业务的广泛参数。

- Objective: Maintain public confidence in the system, protect depositors’ interest and provide cost-effective banking services to the public.

- 目标：维护公众对系统的信心，保护储户的利益，并为公众提供具有成本效益的银行服务。

• Manager of foreign exchange: Manages the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999.

• 外汇管理人：管理《1999 年外汇管理法》。

- Objective: To facilitate external trade and payment and promote orderly development and maintenance of foreign exchange market in India.

- 目标：便利对外贸易和支付，促进印度外汇市场有序发展和维护。

• Issuer of currency: Issues and exchanges or destroys currency and coins not fit for circulation. 

• 货币发行者：发行、兑换或销毁不适合流通的货币和硬币。

- Objective: To give the public adequate quantity of supplies of currency notes and coins and in good quality.

- 目标：向公众提供数量充足且质量良好的纸币和硬币。

• Developmental role: Performs a wide range of promotional functions to support national objectives.

• 发展作用：履行广泛的促进职能以支持国家目标。

• Regulator and supervisor of payment and settlement systems: Introduces and upgrades safe and efficient modes of payment systems in the country to meet the requirements of the public at large.

• 支付和结算系统的监管者和监督者：在国内引入和升级安全、高效的支付系统模式，以满足广大公众的需求。

- Objective: Maintain public confidence in payment and settlement system

- 目标：维护公众对支付结算系统的信心

• Banker to the government: Performs merchant banking function for the central and the state governments. Also acts as their banker.

• 政府银行家：为中央和州政府履行商业银行职能。还充当他们的银行家。

• Banker to banks: Maintains banking accounts of all scheduled banks.

• 银行家对银行：维护所有指定银行的银行账户。