印度將促進經濟自力更生並促進盧比在全球的接受度

印度總理莫迪表示，印度必須在未來十年加強經濟自力更生，以減輕全球危機的影響並促進全球對盧比的接受。在孟買舉行的印度儲備銀行 (RBI) 90 週年慶典上，莫迪總理強調了加強自力更生的必要性。為了紀念1935年4月1日印度儲備銀行成立90週年，他也發行了紀念幣。

Prime Minister Narendra Modi said India needs to increase its economic self-reliance in the next 10 years to mitigate the impact of global crises, and make rupee more accessible and acceptable throughout the world.

總理莫迪表示，印度需要在未來10年增強經濟自力更生，以減輕全球危機的影響，並使盧比在全世界範圍內更容易獲得和接受。

PM Modi was addressing the opening ceremony of the 90th anniversary celebrations of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) in Mumbai on April 1. 

4 月 1 日，莫迪總理在孟買舉行的印度儲備銀行 (RBI) 90 週年慶典開幕式上發表演說。

The RBI commenced its operations on April 1, 1935.

印度儲備銀行於 1935 年 4 月 1 日開始運作。

The Prime Minister also released a commemorative coin to mark 90 years of the RBI.

相關文章 印度中心將 Shaktikanta Das 的 RBI 行長任期再延長 3 年 印度 9 月份零售通膨升至 7.41%，為 5 個月高點 總理還發行了一枚紀念幣，以紀念 RBI 成立 90 週年。

History of RBI 

印度儲備銀行的歷史

• The Reserve Bank of India is the central bank of the country. 

• 印度儲備銀行是該國的中央銀行。

• Most central banks, as we know them today, were established around the early 20th century.

• 我們今天所知的中央銀行大多是在 20 世紀初成立的。

• The RBI was set up on the basis of the recommendations of the Hilton Young Commission. 

• RBI 是根據希爾頓青年委員會的建議設立的。

• The Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934 (II of 1934) provides the statutory basis of the functioning of the Bank, which commenced operations on April 1, 1935.

• 1934 年《印度儲備銀行法》（1934 年第二版）為該銀行的運作提供了法定基礎，該銀行於 1935 年 4 月 1 日開始運作。

• Sir Osborne Smith was appointed as the first governor of the RBI. 

• 奧斯本‧史密斯爵士被任命為印度儲備銀行首任行長。

• In August 1943, Sir C.D. Deshmukh was appointed as the first Indian governor of the RBI.

• 1943 年 8 月，C.D. 爵士德什穆赫被任命為印度首位印度儲備銀行行長。

The Bank was constituted to

該銀行的成立是為了

i) Regulate the issue of banknotes.

i) 規範紙幣的發行。

ii) Maintain reserves with a view to securing monetary stability.

ii）維持儲備以確保貨幣穩定。

iii) To operate the credit and currency system of the country to its advantage.

iii) 以有利於本國的方式運作國家的信貸和貨幣體系。

• The Bank began its operations by taking over from the government the functions so far being performed by the Controller of Currency and from the Imperial Bank of India, the management of government accounts and public debt. 

• 該銀行開始運作時，從政府手中接管了迄今為止由貨幣總監和印度帝國銀行履行的職能，即政府帳戶和公共債務的管理。

• The currency offices at Calcutta, Bombay, Madras, Rangoon, Karachi, Lahore and Cawnpore (Kanpur) became branches of the Issue Department. 

• 位於加爾各答、孟買、馬德拉斯、仰光、卡拉奇、拉合爾和坎普爾（坎普爾）的貨幣辦事處成為發行部的分支機構。

• Offices of the Banking Department were established in Calcutta, Bombay, Madras, Delhi and Rangoon.

• 銀行部在加爾各答、孟買、馬德拉斯、德里和仰光設立了辦事處。

• Burma (Myanmar) seceded from the Indian Union in 1937 but the Reserve Bank continued to act as the Central Bank for Burma till Japanese Occupation of Burma and later up to April 1947. 

• 緬甸於 1937 年脫離印度聯邦，但儲備銀行繼續充當緬甸中央銀行，直至日本佔領緬甸以及後來的 1947 年 4 月。

• After the Partition, the Reserve Bank served as the central bank of Pakistan up to June 1948 when the State Bank of Pakistan commenced operations.

• 分治後，儲備銀行一直擔任巴基斯坦中央銀行，直至 1948 年 6 月巴基斯坦國家銀行開始營運為止。

• The RBI, which was originally set up as a shareholder’s bank, was nationalised in 1949.

• 印度儲備銀行最初是作為股東銀行成立的，於 1949 年被國有化。

• An interesting feature of the Reserve Bank of India was that at its very inception, the Bank was seen as playing a special role in the context of development, especially agriculture. 

• 印度儲備銀行的一個有趣的特點是，在其成立之初，該銀行就被視為在發展（特別是農業）背景下發揮特殊作用。

• When India commenced its plan endeavours, the development role of the Bank came into focus, especially in the 1960s when the Reserve Bank, in many ways, pioneered the concept and practice of using finance to catalyse development.

• 當印度開始實施計畫時，央行的發展角色成為人們關注的焦點，特別是在 20 世紀 60 年代，儲備銀行在許多方面率先提出了利用金融促進發展的概念和實踐。

• The Bank was also instrumental in institutional development and helped set up institutions like the Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation of India, the Unit Trust of India, the Industrial Development Bank of India, the National Bank of Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD), the Discount and Finance House of India, etc to build the financial infrastructure of the country.

• 世銀在機構發展方面也發揮了重要作用，幫助建立了印度存款保險和信用擔保公司、印度單位信託基金、印度工業發展銀行、國家農業和農村發展銀行（NABARD）等機構，印度貼現和金融機構等建設該國的金融基礎設施。

• With liberalisation, the Bank’s focus has shifted back to core central banking functions like Monetary Policy, Bank Supervision and Regulation, and Overseeing the Payments System and onto developing the financial markets.

• 隨著自由化，央行的重點又回到了中央銀行的核心職能，如貨幣政策、銀行監督和監管、支付系統監管以及金融市場的發展。

• The RBI has four zonal offices at Chennai, New Delhi, Kolkata and Mumbai. It has offices at 33 locations across India.

• 印度儲備銀行在清奈、新德里、加爾各答和孟買設有四個地區辦事處。該公司在印度各地設有 33 個辦事處。

• As the central bank of India, RBI is an independent apex monetary authority which regulates banks and provides important financial services like storing of foreign exchange reserves, control of inflation, monetary policy report.

• 作為印度中央銀行，印度儲備銀行是獨立的最高貨幣當局，負責監管銀行並提供重要的金融服務，如儲存外匯儲備、控制通貨膨脹、貨幣政策報告。

• A central bank is a vital financial apex institution of an economy and the key objectives of central banks may differ from country to country. Still, they perform activities and functions with the goal of maintaining economic stability and growth of an economy.

• 中央銀行是一個經濟體至關重要的金融最高機構，各國中央銀行的主要目標可能有所不同。儘管如此，他們的活動和職能仍以維持經濟穩定和經濟成長為目標。

• The RBI plays an important part in the development strategy of the country. 

• 印度儲備銀行在國家發展策略中扮演重要角色。

• The general superintendence and direction of the RBI is entrusted with the 21-member central board of directors. 

• 印度儲備銀行的整體監督和指導權由21 名成員組成的中央董事會負責。

• It consists of the governor, four deputy governors, two finance ministry representatives, 10 government-nominated directors to represent important elements of India’s economy, and four directors to represent local boards headquartered at Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai and New Delhi.

• 它由行長、四名副行長、兩名財政部代表、代表印度經濟重要組成部分的10 名政府提名董事以及代表總部位於孟買、加爾各答、金奈和新德里的地方董事會的四名董事組成。

Main functions of RBI

RBI的主要職能

• Monetary Authority: Formulates, implements and monitors the monetary policy. 

• 金融管理局：制定、執行和監督貨幣政策。

-Objective: Maintaining price stability while keeping in mind the objective of growth.

-目標：保持價格穩定，同時牢記成長目標。

• Regulator and supervisor of the financial system: Prescribes broad parameters of banking operations within which the country’s banking and financial system functions.

• 金融體系的監理者和監督者：規定了國家銀行和金融體系運作的銀行業務的廣泛參數。

- Objective: Maintain public confidence in the system, protect depositors’ interest and provide cost-effective banking services to the public.

- 目標：維護公眾對系統的信心，保護儲戶的利益，並為公眾提供具有成本效益的銀行服務。

• Manager of foreign exchange: Manages the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999.

• 外匯管理人：管理《1999 年外匯管理法》。

- Objective: To facilitate external trade and payment and promote orderly development and maintenance of foreign exchange market in India.

- 目標：便利對外貿易和支付，促進印度外匯市場有序發展和維護。

• Issuer of currency: Issues and exchanges or destroys currency and coins not fit for circulation. 

• 貨幣發行者：發行、兌換或銷毀不適合流通的貨幣和硬幣。

- Objective: To give the public adequate quantity of supplies of currency notes and coins and in good quality.

- 目標：提供大眾數量充足且品質良好的紙幣和硬幣。

• Developmental role: Performs a wide range of promotional functions to support national objectives.

• 發展角色：履行廣泛的促進功能以支持國家目標。

• Regulator and supervisor of payment and settlement systems: Introduces and upgrades safe and efficient modes of payment systems in the country to meet the requirements of the public at large.

• 支付和結算系統的監管者和監督者：在國內引入和升級安全、高效的支付系統模式，以滿足廣大民眾的需求。

- Objective: Maintain public confidence in payment and settlement system

- 目標：維護公眾對支付結算系統的信心

• Banker to the government: Performs merchant banking function for the central and the state governments. Also acts as their banker.

• 政府銀行家：為中央和州政府履行商業銀行職能。也充當他們的銀行家。

• Banker to banks: Maintains banking accounts of all scheduled banks.

• 銀行家對銀行：維護所有指定銀行的銀行帳戶。