人类长寿——寻找青春之泉

自古以来，人类就一直在思考如何永生。虽然这一目标仍然是科幻小说，但重大的医疗保健和技术突破已经延长了人类的寿命。

Major healthcare and technology breakthroughs have resulted in extended human longevity. People live longer today than ever, and reports indicate that the trend will continue into the foreseeable future. Here's everything you need to know about how new advancements extend human longevity.

重大的医疗保健和技术突破延长了人类的寿命。今天人们的寿命比以往任何时候都长，报告表明这一趋势将持续到可预见的未来。以下是您需要了解的有关新进步如何延长人类寿命的所有信息。

Statistics Don’t Lie

统计数据不会说谎

Several studies examining extending life expectancies have provided some interesting results. For example, a report from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and coordinated by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) revealed that the average life expectancy of a female in the US will increase from 73.6 years in 2022 to 78.1 years by 2050. This report revealed a longer life expectancy of +0-27 years between 1990 and 2019 as well.

几项关于延长预期寿命的研究提供了一些有趣的结果。例如，比尔及梅琳达·盖茨基金会和健康指标与评估研究所（IHME）协调的一份报告显示，美国女性的平均预期寿命将从2022年的73.6岁增加到2050年的78.1岁。该报告还显示，1990 年至 2019 年间，预期寿命延长了 0-27 岁。

The data revealed that the biggest increase in life expectancy will come from the countries with the lowest longevity currently. These nations will quickly gain access to healthcare and other services that will make this transformation a possibility according to researchers. This discovery was in stark contrast to what many analysts believed the scenario would be, superpowers experiencing the largest life expectancy increases.

数据显示，预期寿命增幅最大的将来自目前寿命最低的国家。研究人员表示，这些国家将很快获得医疗保健和其他服务，这将使这种转变成为可能。这一发现与许多分析师认为的情况形成鲜明对比，超级大国的预期寿命增长幅度最大。

How Will People Live Longer?

人们怎样才能活得更久？

There are some interesting ways in which your life expectancy may increase in the future. Researchers continue to delve into various methods and sciences to ward off the effects of old age and extend youth and health. Here are a few interesting studies that should help you understand that the race for human longevity has many paths.

有一些有趣的方式可以延长您未来的预期寿命。研究人员继续深入研究各种方法和科学，以抵御老年的影响并延长青春和健康。这里有一些有趣的研究，应该可以帮助您了解人类长寿的竞赛有很多途径。

Anti-Aging Drugs to Drive Human Longevity

抗衰老药物可促进人类长寿

The idea of an age-defying elixir has been a concept since ancient civilizations. There are moments in history when dignitaries and others attempted some crazy ways to stop the effects of time. For example, cinnabar (mercuric sulfide) was commonly used in makeup products in ancient cultures, resulting in disease and death.

自古代文明以来，抗衰老灵丹妙药的概念就已存在。历史上有一些时刻，政要和其他人尝试过一些疯狂的方法来阻止时间的影响。例如，在古代文化中，朱砂（硫化汞）常用于化妆品中，导致疾病和死亡。

Thankfully, science may be closer to finding the true anti-aging serum. A study, published in the journal Fly, delves into the use of Mifepristone and Rapamycin to extend life expectancy. The researchers used fruit flies as the subjects, which they monitored using a noninvasive method.

值得庆幸的是，科学可能更接近找到真正的抗衰老精华液。发表在《Fly》杂志上的一项研究深入探讨了使用米非司酮和雷帕霉素来延长预期寿命。研究人员以果蝇为研究对象，使用非侵入性方法对其进行监测。

The engineers noticed that both Mifepristone and Rapamycin slightly extended the fly's life expectancy by enhancing the cell's ability to fight off mitophagy, restoring your cell's mitochondrial health. Humans naturally lose this capability as they age.

工程师们注意到，米非司酮和雷帕霉素都通过增强细胞抵抗线粒体自噬的能力，恢复细胞线粒体的健康，略微延长了果蝇的预期寿命。随着年龄的增长，人类自然会失去这种能力。

The results of the study suggested both drugs slightly improved this capability. However, when used together, they didn't improve results, leading researchers to conclude they work similarly. Notably the test was conducted at the USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences and funded by the National Institute on Aging grant R01AG057741.

研究结果表明这两种药物都略微提高了这种能力。然而，当一起使用时，它们并没有改善结果，导致研究人员得出结论，它们的工作原理相似。值得注意的是，该测试是在南加州大学多恩西夫文学、艺术和科学学院进行的，并由国家老龄化研究所 R01AG057741 资助。

Now engineers seek to get approval for further testing of the drugs on humans. Thankfully,  these drugs are both used for other purposes currently,  making it easier to get them approved as anti-aging drugs if the benefits are clinically proven.

现在，工程师们正在寻求批准对这些药物进行进一步的人体测试。值得庆幸的是，这些药物目前都用于其他目的，如果临床证明其益处，它们更容易被批准为抗衰老药物。

Cardio Fitness Boosts Human Longevity

有氧健身可延长人类寿命

It may not be a huge surprise to learn that there is a strong connection between your cardiovascular health and your life expectancy for most people. However, according to a new report published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine (BJSM), this connection is far greater than once thought. A team of researchers examined +20.9 million observations from 199 unique research groups, seeking out the correlation.

对于大多数人来说，心血管健康与预期寿命之间存在密切联系，这可能并不令人感到意外。然而，根据《英国运动医学杂志》（BJSM）发表的一份新报告，这种联系远比以前想象的要大。一组研究人员检查了来自 199 个独特研究小组的 2090 万个观察结果，寻找其中的相关性。

The researchers discovered that the better your body is at supplying oxygen during intense activities, the longer you are likely to live. It also showed that you're less likely to develop diseases when you consistently enhance your blood flow by working out and staying active. This data demonstrates how high levels of cardiorespiratory fitness may be one of the best ways to ward off diseases like type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, cancers, stroke, and depression.

研究人员发现，在剧烈活动期间，您的身体提供氧气的能力越好，您的寿命就越长。它还表明，当您通过锻炼和保持活跃来持续增强血液流动时，您患疾病的可能性就会降低。这些数据表明，高水平的心肺健康可能是预防 2 型糖尿病、代谢综合征、癌症、中风和抑郁症等疾病的最佳方法之一。

Microbiome Optimization Can Improve Human Longevity.

微生物组优化可以延长人类寿命。

Another report found that your gut microbiome is a crucial component that could dictate how long you live. Your microbiome is home to billions of microorganisms that all play a part in your health, digestion, and bodily functions. This critical component of your anatomy dictates your nutrition absorption, immune system health, hormone levels, metabolism, and much more.

另一份报告发现，肠道微生物组是决定您寿命的关键组成部分。您的微生物组是数十亿微生物的家园，这些微生物都在您的健康、消化和身体功能中发挥着重要作用。您的解剖结构的这一重要组成部分决定您的营养吸收、免疫系统健康、激素水平、新陈代谢等等。

Researchers have discovered that those with healthier gut microbiomes enjoy a reduced risk of various chronic diseases. As such, enhancing your microbiome can help you live longer and healthier. To improve your microbiome, you don’t need anything special. A healthy diet, which includes pro and prebiotics, can make a difference.

研究人员发现，肠道微生物群更健康的人患各种慢性疾病的风险较低。因此，增强微生物组可以帮助您活得更长久、更健康。为了改善您的微生物组，您不需要任何特殊的东西。包含益生元和益生元的健康饮食可以发挥作用。

Water-Bear May be the Key

水熊虫可能是关键

Nature is full of creatures that seem to ward off aging or sickness through unimaginably harsh conditions. In the past, engineers have looked towards jellyfish, lobsters, tortoises, and other animals to reveal some of their longevity secrets. A recent study shrinks the subjects to a microscopic level in search of results.

大自然中充满了似乎能在难以想象的恶劣条件下抵御衰老或疾病的生物。过去，工程师们一直在研究水母、龙虾、乌龟和其他动物，以揭示它们的一些长寿秘密。最近的一项研究将受试者缩小到微观水平以寻找结果。

The tardigrade, or water bear, is a tiny arthropod that can survive in some insane conditions. For example, these

缓步动物或水熊虫是一种微小的节肢动物，可以在一些疯狂的条件下生存。例如，这些