人類長壽－尋找青春之泉

自古以來，人類就一直在思考如何永生。雖然這一目標仍然是科幻小說，但重大的醫療保健和技術突破已經延長了人類的壽命。

Major healthcare and technology breakthroughs have resulted in extended human longevity. People live longer today than ever, and reports indicate that the trend will continue into the foreseeable future. Here's everything you need to know about how new advancements extend human longevity.

重大的醫療保健和技術突破延長了人類的壽命。今天人們的壽命比以往任何時候都長，報告顯示這一趨勢將持續到可預見的未來。以下是您需要了解的有關新進步如何延長人類壽命的所有資訊。

Statistics Don’t Lie

統計數據不會說謊

Several studies examining extending life expectancies have provided some interesting results. For example, a report from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and coordinated by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) revealed that the average life expectancy of a female in the US will increase from 73.6 years in 2022 to 78.1 years by 2050. This report revealed a longer life expectancy of +0-27 years between 1990 and 2019 as well.

幾項關於延長壽命的研究提供了一些有趣的結果。例如，比爾及梅琳達蓋茲基金會和健康指標與評估研究所（IHME）協調的報告顯示，美國女性的平均壽命將從2022年的73.6歲增加到2050年的78.1歲。報告也顯示，1990 年至2019 年間，預期壽命延長了0-27 歲。

The data revealed that the biggest increase in life expectancy will come from the countries with the lowest longevity currently. These nations will quickly gain access to healthcare and other services that will make this transformation a possibility according to researchers. This discovery was in stark contrast to what many analysts believed the scenario would be, superpowers experiencing the largest life expectancy increases.

數據顯示，預期壽命增幅最大的將來自目前壽命最低的國家。研究人員表示，這些國家很快就會獲得醫療保健和其他服務，這將使這種轉變成為可能。這項發現與許多分析師認為的情況形成鮮明對比，超級大國的預期壽命成長幅度最大。

How Will People Live Longer?

人們怎樣才能活得更久？

There are some interesting ways in which your life expectancy may increase in the future. Researchers continue to delve into various methods and sciences to ward off the effects of old age and extend youth and health. Here are a few interesting studies that should help you understand that the race for human longevity has many paths.

有一些有趣的方式可以延長您未來的預期壽命。研究人員繼續深入研究各種方法和科學，以抵禦老年的影響並延長青春和健康。這裡有一些有趣的研究，應該可以幫助您了解人類長壽的競賽有多種途徑。

Anti-Aging Drugs to Drive Human Longevity

抗老化藥物可促進人類長壽

The idea of an age-defying elixir has been a concept since ancient civilizations. There are moments in history when dignitaries and others attempted some crazy ways to stop the effects of time. For example, cinnabar (mercuric sulfide) was commonly used in makeup products in ancient cultures, resulting in disease and death.

自古代文明以來，抗衰老靈丹妙藥的概念就已存在。歷史上有一些時刻，政要和其他人嘗試過一些瘋狂的方法來阻止時間的影響。例如，在古代文化中，硃砂（硫化汞）常用於化妝品中，導致疾病和死亡。

Thankfully, science may be closer to finding the true anti-aging serum. A study, published in the journal Fly, delves into the use of Mifepristone and Rapamycin to extend life expectancy. The researchers used fruit flies as the subjects, which they monitored using a noninvasive method.

值得慶幸的是，科學可能更接近找到真正的抗衰老精華液。發表在《Fly》雜誌上的一項研究深入探討了使用米非司酮和雷帕黴素來延長壽命。研究人員以果蠅為研究對象，使用非侵入性方法進行監測。

The engineers noticed that both Mifepristone and Rapamycin slightly extended the fly's life expectancy by enhancing the cell's ability to fight off mitophagy, restoring your cell's mitochondrial health. Humans naturally lose this capability as they age.

工程師注意到，米非司酮和雷帕黴素都透過增強細胞抵抗粒線體自噬的能力，恢復細胞粒線體的健康，略微延長了果蠅的預期壽命。隨著年齡的增長，人類自然會失去這種能力。

The results of the study suggested both drugs slightly improved this capability. However, when used together, they didn't improve results, leading researchers to conclude they work similarly. Notably the test was conducted at the USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences and funded by the National Institute on Aging grant R01AG057741.

研究結果顯示這兩種藥物都略微提高了這種能力。然而，當一起使用時，它們並沒有改善結果，導致研究人員得出結論，它們的工作原理相似。值得注意的是，該測試是在南加州大學多恩西夫文學、藝術和科學學院進行的，並由國家老化研究所 R01AG057741 資助。

Now engineers seek to get approval for further testing of the drugs on humans. Thankfully,  these drugs are both used for other purposes currently,  making it easier to get them approved as anti-aging drugs if the benefits are clinically proven.

現在，工程師們正在尋求批准對這些藥物進行進一步的人體測試。值得慶幸的是，這些藥物目前都用於其他目的，如果臨床證明其益處，它們更容易被批准為抗衰老藥物。

Cardio Fitness Boosts Human Longevity

有氧健身可延長人類壽命

It may not be a huge surprise to learn that there is a strong connection between your cardiovascular health and your life expectancy for most people. However, according to a new report published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine (BJSM), this connection is far greater than once thought. A team of researchers examined +20.9 million observations from 199 unique research groups, seeking out the correlation.

對於大多數人來說，心血管健康與預期壽命之間存在密切聯繫，這可能並不令人感到意外。然而，根據《英國運動醫學雜誌》（BJSM）發表的一份新報告，這種聯繫遠比以前想像的要大。一組研究人員檢查了來自 199 個獨特研究小組的 2090 萬個觀察結果，尋找其中的相關性。

The researchers discovered that the better your body is at supplying oxygen during intense activities, the longer you are likely to live. It also showed that you're less likely to develop diseases when you consistently enhance your blood flow by working out and staying active. This data demonstrates how high levels of cardiorespiratory fitness may be one of the best ways to ward off diseases like type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, cancers, stroke, and depression.

研究人員發現，在劇烈活動期間，您的身體提供氧氣的能力越好，您的壽命就越長。它還表明，當您透過運動和保持活躍來持續增強血液流動時，您患疾病的可能性就會降低。這些數據表明，高水平的心肺健康可能是預防第 2 型糖尿病、代謝症候群、癌症、中風和憂鬱症等疾病的最佳方法之一。

Microbiome Optimization Can Improve Human Longevity.

微生物組優化可以延長人類壽命。

Another report found that your gut microbiome is a crucial component that could dictate how long you live. Your microbiome is home to billions of microorganisms that all play a part in your health, digestion, and bodily functions. This critical component of your anatomy dictates your nutrition absorption, immune system health, hormone levels, metabolism, and much more.

另一份報告發現，腸道微生物組是決定您壽命的關鍵組成部分。您的微生物組是數十億微生物的家園，這些微生物都在您的健康、消化和身體功能中發揮重要作用。您的解剖結構的這一重要組成部分決定您的營養吸收、免疫系統健康、荷爾蒙水平、新陳代謝等等。

Researchers have discovered that those with healthier gut microbiomes enjoy a reduced risk of various chronic diseases. As such, enhancing your microbiome can help you live longer and healthier. To improve your microbiome, you don’t need anything special. A healthy diet, which includes pro and prebiotics, can make a difference.

研究人員發現，腸道微生物群更健康的人罹患各種慢性疾病的風險較低。因此，增強微生物組可以幫助您活得更長久、更健康。為了改善您的微生物組，您不需要任何特殊的東西。包含益生元和益生元的健康飲食可以發揮作用。

Water-Bear May be the Key

水熊蟲可能是關鍵

Nature is full of creatures that seem to ward off aging or sickness through unimaginably harsh conditions. In the past, engineers have looked towards jellyfish, lobsters, tortoises, and other animals to reveal some of their longevity secrets. A recent study shrinks the subjects to a microscopic level in search of results.

大自然中充滿了似乎可以在難以想像的惡劣條件下抵禦衰老或疾病的生物。過去，工程師一直在研究水母、龍蝦、烏龜和其他動物，以揭示它們的一些長壽秘密。最近的一項研究將受試者縮小到微觀層面以尋找結果。

The tardigrade, or water bear, is a tiny arthropod that can survive in some insane conditions. For example, these

緩步動物或水熊蟲是一種微小的節肢動物，可以在一些瘋狂的條件下生存。例如，這些