欧盟打击加密匿名，制定严格的反洗钱措施

欧盟 (EU) 实施了严格的反洗钱法规，禁止通过托管加密钱包进行匿名加密货币交易。该措施旨在减少加密资产滥用于犯罪活动的可能性，并增强加密资产转移的可追溯性。该立法引起了不同的反应，一些人支持进行此类控制的必要性，而另一些人则对可能侵犯隐私和阻碍经济活动表示担忧。

European Union Enacts Stringent Crypto Regulation, Banning Anonymous Transactions

欧盟颁布严格的加密货币监管，禁止匿名交易

Background:

背景：

In a move to combat money laundering and terrorist financing, the European Union (EU) has implemented comprehensive anti-money laundering (AML) and counter-terrorist financing laws. As part of these measures, the EU has enacted a ban on anonymous cryptocurrency transactions conducted through hosted or custodial crypto wallets.

为了打击洗钱和恐怖主义融资，欧盟（EU）实施了全面的反洗钱（AML）和反恐融资法律。作为这些措施的一部分，欧盟颁布了一项禁令，禁止通过托管或托管加密钱包进行匿名加密货币交易。

Provisions of the Ban:

禁令规定：

The new regulations, approved on March 19, 2023, impose restrictions on cash transactions and anonymous cryptocurrency payments. Specifically, the ban applies to:

2023 年 3 月 19 日批准的新规定对现金交易和匿名加密货币支付施加了限制。具体来说，该禁令适用于：

• Cash payments exceeding €3,000 in commercial transactions
• Cash payments exceeding €10,000 in business transactions
• Anonymous crypto transactions facilitated by hosted or custodial crypto wallets offered by third-party service providers, such as centralized cryptocurrency exchanges

This ban effectively prohibits cryptocurrency service providers from offering services and holding accounts for anonymous crypto asset accounts.

商业交易中现金支付超过 3,000 欧元商业交易中现金支付超过 10,000 欧元通过第三方服务提供商（例如中心化加密货币交易所）提供的托管或托管加密钱包促进的匿名加密交易该禁令有效禁止加密货币服务提供商为以下用户提供服务和持有账户：匿名加密资产账户。

Opposition and Concerns:

反对和担忧：

The ban has drawn criticism from some quarters, including MEP Patrick Breyer of the Pirate Party of Germany. Breyer contends that the legislation infringes on individual economic independence and financial privacy. He argues that the ability to conduct transactions anonymously is a fundamental right and that the ban will not effectively curb crime while depriving citizens of their financial freedom.

该禁令引起了一些方面的批评，其中包括德国海盗党的欧洲议会议员帕特里克·布雷耶(Patrick Breyer)。布雷耶认为该立法侵犯了个人经济独立和财务隐私。他认为，匿名进行交易的能力是一项基本权利，该禁令不会有效遏制犯罪，同时会剥夺公民的财务自由。

Justification for the Ban:

禁令理由：

The EU maintains that the anonymous nature of crypto assets exposes them to potential misuse for criminal purposes. The bloc argues that crypto assets do not allow for easy traceability of transfers, making it challenging to identify suspicious transactions. The ban also targets anonymity-enhancing coins and services that facilitate the anonymization of transactions, such as Monero and crypto mixers like Tornado Cash.

欧盟认为，加密资产的匿名性质使其可能被滥用于犯罪目的。该集团认为，加密资产不允许轻松追踪转账，这使得识别可疑交易变得困难。该禁令还针对促进匿名交易的增强匿名性的代币和服务，例如 Monero 和 Tornado Cash 等加密货币混合器。

Industry Reactions:

业界反应：

The crypto community has responded to the developments with mixed reactions. Some have expressed support for the new AML laws, while others have expressed concerns about their potential impact on privacy and financial activity. The host of the Sound Money Bitcoin Podcast raised concerns that the legislation could hinder donations and the broader use of cryptocurrencies within the EU.

加密货币社区对这一事态发展反应不一。一些人表示支持新的反洗钱法，而另一些人则对其对隐私和金融活动的潜在影响表示担忧。健全货币比特币播客的主持人担心该立法可能会阻碍捐款和加密货币在欧盟内部的更广泛使用。

Arguments Against the Ban:

反对禁令的论点：

Critics of the ban argue that cryptocurrency transactions are inherently traceable on the blockchain, unlike cash, which is completely anonymous. They also highlight the success of law enforcement agencies in utilizing blockchain analysis to detect suspicious patterns and identify suspects. Additionally, they contend that virtual assets make up a relatively small portion of the global financial system and that there is limited evidence to suggest that they are frequently used for money laundering.

该禁令的批评者认为，加密货币交易本质上是可以在区块链上追踪的，这与完全匿名的现金不同。他们还强调了执法机构在利用区块链分析来检测可疑模式并识别嫌疑人方面所取得的成功。此外，他们认为虚拟资产在全球金融体系中所占的比例相对较小，而且有限的证据表明虚拟资产经常被用于洗钱。

Conclusion:

结论：

The EU's ban on anonymous crypto transactions is a significant development in the regulation of cryptocurrencies. The move aims to address concerns about money laundering and terrorist financing but has raised questions about privacy and economic freedom. The full impact of the ban remains to be seen, and it is likely to be a subject of ongoing debate and discussion within the crypto industry and the broader financial community.

欧盟对匿名加密货币交易的禁令是加密货币监管的重大进展。此举旨在解决对洗钱和恐怖主义融资的担忧，但也引发了有关隐私和经济自由的问题。该禁令的全面影响还有待观察，它可能会成为加密货币行业和更广泛的金融界持续争论和讨论的主题。