歐盟打擊加密匿名，制定嚴格的反洗錢措施

歐盟 (EU) 實施了嚴格的反洗錢法規，禁止透過託管加密錢包進行匿名加密貨幣交易。該措施旨在減少加密資產濫用於犯罪活動的可能性，並增強加密資產轉移的可追溯性。該立法引起了不同的反應，有些人支持進行此類控制的必要性，而另一些人則對可能侵犯隱私和阻礙經濟活動表示擔憂。

European Union Enacts Stringent Crypto Regulation, Banning Anonymous Transactions

歐盟頒布嚴格的加密貨幣監管，禁止匿名交易

Background:

背景：

In a move to combat money laundering and terrorist financing, the European Union (EU) has implemented comprehensive anti-money laundering (AML) and counter-terrorist financing laws. As part of these measures, the EU has enacted a ban on anonymous cryptocurrency transactions conducted through hosted or custodial crypto wallets.

為了打擊洗錢和恐怖主義融資，歐盟（EU）實施了全面的反洗錢（AML）和反恐怖主義融資法律。作為這些措施的一部分，歐盟頒布了一項禁令，禁止透過託管或託管加密錢包進行匿名加密貨幣交易。

Provisions of the Ban:

禁令規定：

The new regulations, approved on March 19, 2023, impose restrictions on cash transactions and anonymous cryptocurrency payments. Specifically, the ban applies to:

2023 年 3 月 19 日批准的新規定對現金交易和匿名加密貨幣支付施加了限制。具體來說，該禁令適用於：

• Cash payments exceeding €3,000 in commercial transactions
• Cash payments exceeding €10,000 in business transactions
• Anonymous crypto transactions facilitated by hosted or custodial crypto wallets offered by third-party service providers, such as centralized cryptocurrency exchanges

This ban effectively prohibits cryptocurrency service providers from offering services and holding accounts for anonymous crypto asset accounts.

商業交易中現金支付超過3,000 歐元商業交易中現金支付超過10,000 歐元透過第三方服務提供者（例如中心化加密貨幣交易所）提供的託管或託管加密錢包促進的匿名加密交易該禁令有效禁止加密貨幣服務提供者為以下使用者提供服務和持有帳戶：匿名加密資產帳戶。

Opposition and Concerns:

反對和擔憂：

The ban has drawn criticism from some quarters, including MEP Patrick Breyer of the Pirate Party of Germany. Breyer contends that the legislation infringes on individual economic independence and financial privacy. He argues that the ability to conduct transactions anonymously is a fundamental right and that the ban will not effectively curb crime while depriving citizens of their financial freedom.

這項禁令引起了一些方面的批評，其中包括德國海盜黨的歐洲議會議員帕特里克·布雷耶(Patrick Breyer)。布雷耶認為該法案侵犯了個人經濟獨立和財務隱私。他認為，匿名進行交易的能力是一項基本權利，該禁令不會有效遏制犯罪，同時會剝奪公民的財務自由。

Justification for the Ban:

禁令理由：

The EU maintains that the anonymous nature of crypto assets exposes them to potential misuse for criminal purposes. The bloc argues that crypto assets do not allow for easy traceability of transfers, making it challenging to identify suspicious transactions. The ban also targets anonymity-enhancing coins and services that facilitate the anonymization of transactions, such as Monero and crypto mixers like Tornado Cash.

歐盟認為，加密資產的匿名性質使其可能被濫用於犯罪目的。該集團認為，加密資產不允許輕鬆追蹤轉賬，這使得識別可疑交易變得困難。該禁令還針對促進匿名交易的增強匿名性的代幣和服務，例如 Monero 和 Tornado Cash 等加密貨幣混合器。

Industry Reactions:

業界反應：

The crypto community has responded to the developments with mixed reactions. Some have expressed support for the new AML laws, while others have expressed concerns about their potential impact on privacy and financial activity. The host of the Sound Money Bitcoin Podcast raised concerns that the legislation could hinder donations and the broader use of cryptocurrencies within the EU.

加密貨幣社群對這一事態發展反應不一。有些人表示支持新的反洗錢法，而有些人則對其對隱私和金融活動的潛在影響表示擔憂。健全貨幣比特幣播客的主持人擔心該立法可能會阻礙捐款和加密貨幣在歐盟內部的更廣泛使用。

Arguments Against the Ban:

反對禁令的論點：

Critics of the ban argue that cryptocurrency transactions are inherently traceable on the blockchain, unlike cash, which is completely anonymous. They also highlight the success of law enforcement agencies in utilizing blockchain analysis to detect suspicious patterns and identify suspects. Additionally, they contend that virtual assets make up a relatively small portion of the global financial system and that there is limited evidence to suggest that they are frequently used for money laundering.

該禁令的批評者認為，加密貨幣交易本質上是可以在區塊鏈上追蹤的，這與完全匿名的現金不同。他們還強調了執法機構在利用區塊鏈分析來檢測可疑模式並識別嫌疑人方面所取得的成功。此外，他們認為虛擬資產在全球金融體系中所佔的比例相對較小，而且有限的證據顯示虛擬資產經常被用於洗錢。

Conclusion:

結論：

The EU's ban on anonymous crypto transactions is a significant development in the regulation of cryptocurrencies. The move aims to address concerns about money laundering and terrorist financing but has raised questions about privacy and economic freedom. The full impact of the ban remains to be seen, and it is likely to be a subject of ongoing debate and discussion within the crypto industry and the broader financial community.

歐盟對匿名加密貨幣交易的禁令是加密貨幣監管的重大進展。此舉旨在解決對洗錢和恐怖主義融資的擔憂，但也引發了有關隱私和經濟自由的問題。該禁令的全面影響還有待觀察，它可能會成為加密貨幣產業和更廣泛的金融界持續爭論和討論的主題。