欧盟打击加密货币匿名以遏制金融犯罪

欧盟更新了反洗钱法规，以打击加密行业内的非法活动。新规定禁止超过 3,000 欧元的匿名加密货币交易，要求加密资产服务提供商 (CASP) 向监管机构注册，并禁止 CASP 支持匿名账户。欧盟加强监督和监管的举措旨在防止加密货币用于犯罪目的。

The European Union Tightens the Reins on Cryptocurrency Transactions in a Bid to Combat Financial Crime

欧盟收紧对加密货币交易的控制以打击金融犯罪

Brussels, March 24, 2024 - The European Union (EU) has taken a significant step in its efforts to combat money laundering and terrorist financing by updating its Anti-Money Laundering Regulation (AMLR). The new rules, which will come into effect within three years, will apply to all financial institutions, including crypto-asset service providers (CASPs).

布鲁塞尔，2024 年 3 月 24 日 - 欧盟 (EU) 通过更新反洗钱法规 (AMLR)，在打击洗钱和恐怖主义融资方面迈出了重要一步。新规定将于三年内生效，适用于所有金融机构，包括加密资产服务提供商（CASP）。

Banning Anonymous Transactions

禁止匿名交易

One of the most notable changes introduced by the updated AMLR is the ban on anonymous crypto transactions over 3,000 euros in commercial transactions. This measure targets transactions made by crypto exchanges and wallet providers, which are now required to register with regulatory authorities across the EU. Cash transactions over 10,000 euros in business transactions will also be prohibited.

更新后的 AMLR 引入的最显着的变化之一是禁止商业交易中超过 3,000 欧元的匿名加密货币交易。这项措施针对的是加密货币交易所和钱包提供商进行的交易，这些交易和钱包提供商现在需要向欧盟各地的监管机构注册。商业交易中超过10,000欧元的现金交易也将被禁止。

Preventing the Use of Crypto for Criminal Activity

防止使用加密货币进行犯罪活动

The new EU law also prohibits CASPs from supporting or providing services to anonymous accounts. This provision is intended to prevent the use of cryptocurrencies for criminal activity, as anonymity makes it difficult to track and detect suspicious transactions.

新的欧盟法律还禁止 CASP 支持匿名帐户或向匿名帐户提供服务。该规定旨在防止使用加密货币进行犯罪活动，因为匿名使得追踪和检测可疑交易变得困难。

Harmonizing Regulations Across the EU

协调整个欧盟的法规

The updated AMLR represents a significant step towards harmonizing regulations for cryptocurrencies across the EU. This harmonization is expected to foster growth and stability in the EU's cryptocurrency industry by providing a clear and consistent regulatory framework.

更新后的 AMLR 代表着在协调整个欧盟加密货币监管方面迈出的重要一步。这种协调预计将通过提供清晰一致的监管框架来促进欧盟加密货币行业的增长和稳定。

Concerns Raised by Privacy Advocates

隐私倡导者提出的担忧

While the new rules have been welcomed by those concerned about the potential for cryptocurrencies to be used for illicit activities, they have also raised concerns among privacy-focused users. The ban on anonymous crypto transactions could limit the ability of individuals to conduct private financial transactions, and the requirement for CASPs to collect personal data from both senders and recipients of crypto transfers raises concerns about data privacy.

尽管新规则受到那些担心加密货币可能被用于非法活动的人的欢迎，但它们也引起了注重隐私的用户的担忧。对匿名加密货币交易的禁令可能会限制个人进行私人金融交易的能力，而 CASP 收集加密货币转账发送者和接收者个人数据的要求引发了对数据隐私的担忧。

EU vs. Self-Custody Wallets

欧盟与自我托管钱包

The European Commission's proposal to tighten controls on anonymous cryptocurrency exchanges and wallets had initially sparked concerns that the EU was planning to ban self-custody wallets. However, subsequent clarifications have indicated that this is not the case.

欧盟委员会加强对匿名加密货币交易所和钱包的控制的提议最初引发了人们对欧盟计划禁止自助钱包的担忧。但随后的澄清表明，事实并非如此。

Patrick Hansen, Director of EU Strategy & Policy at Circle, has stated that the new rules explicitly exempt providers of hardware and software wallets, along with self-custody wallet providers, from their obligations. This means that individuals who manage their own cryptocurrency using self-custody solutions will not be affected by the new AMLR.

Circle 欧盟战略与政策总监 Patrick Hansen 表示，新规则明确免除了硬件和软件钱包提供商以及自助钱包提供商的义务。这意味着使用自我托管解决方案管理自己的加密货币的个人将不会受到新的 AMLR 的影响。

CASPs to Face Enhanced KYC/AML Measures

CASP 将面临强化的 KYC/AML 措施

The AMLR primarily targets CASPs that are already regulated under Markets in Crypto Assets (MiCA). These CASPs must follow standard Know Your Customer (KYC) and Anti-Money Laundering (AML) procedures, including Customer Due Diligence (CDD), which involves verifying customer identities and understanding their financial activities to mitigate money laundering and terrorist financing risks.

AMLR 主要针对已受加密资产市场 (MiCA) 监管的 CASP。这些 CASP 必须遵循标准的了解您的客户 (KYC) 和反洗钱 (AML) 程序，包括客户尽职调查 (CDD)，其中涉及验证客户身份并了解他们的财务活动，以减轻洗钱和恐怖主义融资风险。

Potential for Additional KYC/AML Measures

额外 KYC/AML 措施的潜力

Hansen has suggested that the EU may adopt an additional layer of KYC/AML measures, which could require CASPs to perform more in-depth verification. Such measures could potentially impact users who conduct transactions through CASPs, even for one-time purchases outside of a regular business relationship.

汉森建议欧盟可能采取额外一层的 KYC/AML 措施，这可能要求 CASP 进行更深入的验证。此类措施可能会影响通过 CASP 进行交易的用户，即使是在常规业务关系之外进行的一次性购买。

Conclusion

结论

The European Union's updated AMLR represents a significant step in its efforts to regulate the cryptocurrency industry and combat financial crime. While the new rules have raised concerns among some privacy advocates, they are expected to provide a clearer and more harmonized regulatory framework for cryptocurrencies across the EU. The exemption of self-custody wallets from the new regulations provides some reassurance to users who value their privacy, but it remains to be seen how the EU will balance the need to prevent illicit activities with the protection of individual liberties.

欧盟更新后的《反洗钱法》标志着其在监管加密货币行业和打击金融犯罪方面迈出了重要一步。尽管新规则引起了一些隐私倡导者的担忧，但预计它们将为整个欧盟的加密货币提供更清晰、更协调的监管框架。新法规对自我托管钱包的豁免为重视隐私的用户提供了一些保证，但欧盟将如何平衡防止非法活动与保护个人自由的需要还有待观察。