大提顿国家公园伍德林山重命名工作正在进行中您的怀俄明州新闻来源

The Wyoming Board on Geographical Names is considering a proposal to rename a prominent peak in the Grand Tetons honoring a man with a checkered past.

怀俄明州地名委员会正在考虑一项提案，将大提顿山脉的一座突出山峰重新命名，以纪念一位有着曲折过去的人。

At its meeting next week, the board will consider a name change proposal for 11,595-foot Mount Woodring, named after Samuel Woodring, the first superintendent of Grand Teton National Park. The mountain is a prominent fixture of the Teton Range, located adjacent to the often-photographed Mount Moran.

在下周的会议上，董事会将考虑 11,595 英尺高的伍德林山 (Mount Woodring) 的更名提案，该山以大提顿国家公园第一任管理员塞缪尔·伍德林 (Samuel Woodring) 的名字命名。这座山是提顿山脉的一个著名景点，毗邻经常被拍照的莫兰山。

In 1934, Woodring faced criminal charges, accused of attempting to rape an 11-year old girl, a charge that was subsequently dropped — but not before Woodring resigned from his position and left Teton County in disgrace.

1934 年，伍德林面临刑事指控，被指控试图强奸一名 11 岁女孩，这项指控随后被撤销，但在此之前伍德林辞去了职务，蒙羞地离开了提顿县。

Colorado resident Bruce Noble has submitted the proposal for the name change because of the charges brought against Woodring, requesting Mount Woodring be renamed to Raven Peak.

科罗拉多州居民布鲁斯·诺布尔因对伍德林的指控而提交了更名提案，要求将伍德林山更名为乌鸦峰。

History Of the Name

Woodring became superintendent of Grand Teton park in 1929 and is largely known for his early efforts to build trails there and his work to establish the park.

名字的历史 伍德林于 1929 年成为大提顿公园的管理者，因其早期在那里修建步道的努力以及建立公园的工作而闻名。

According to a 2017 Jackson Hole News and Guide story, Woodring had previously been an Army ranger, packmaster, firefighter and chief ranger of Yellowstone, and rubbed shoulders with former presidents Teddy Roosevelt, Warren Harding and Calvin Coolidge.

据 2017 年《杰克逊霍尔新闻与指南》报道，伍德林曾担任陆军护林员、背包管理员、消防员和黄石国家公园的首席护林员，并与前总统泰迪·罗斯福、沃伦·哈丁和卡尔文·柯立芝有过交往。

In 1934, Woodring was charged in Teton County District Court with assault with intent to commit rape on an 11-year-old girl.

1934 年，伍德林在提顿县地方法院被指控袭击并意图强奸一名 11 岁女孩。

In his name change application, Noble provided court records from 1934 to prove that Woodring was charged with the crime, which was fully investigated. To collect this evidence, Noble had to make trips to the Wyoming State Archives and National Archives in Maryland.

诺布尔在改名申请中提供了 1934 年的法庭记录，证明伍德林被指控犯有这一罪行，该罪行已得到充分调查。为了收集这些证据，诺贝尔必须前往怀俄明州档案馆和马里兰州国家档案馆。

The charges were eventually dropped against Woodring when the alleged victim's parents said they didn’t want to put their daughter through the trauma of testifying.

当据称受害人的父母表示他们不想让女儿承受作证的创伤时，对伍德林的指控最终被撤销。

Concerning Allegations

In his application to change the mountain’s name, Noble also included a 1934 letter from Woodring’s secretary sent to the director of the National Park Service at the time, detailing an investigation that took place into the allegations against Woodring, which were found to be credible.

关于指控 在诺布尔更改山名的申请中，还附上了一封 1934 年伍德林秘书写给当时国家公园管理局局长的信，信中详细介绍了对伍德林指控的调查结果，这些指控被认为是可信的。

The secretary, H.M. Sherman, said they had heard a story from a trusted source about a young girl who said she had been sexually assaulted by Woodring at least six times.

秘书 H.M.谢尔曼说，他们从可靠消息来源听到了一个关于一名年轻女孩的故事，她说她至少被伍德林性侵犯了六次。

Sherman also relayed another story brought to him by a park ranger about Woodring attempting to perform sexual acts on a 12-year-old girl. That girl had been afraid to tell her parents as her father worked for Woodring as a ranger.

谢尔曼还转述了一名公园管理员向他讲述的另一个故事，内容是伍德林试图对一名 12 岁女孩进行性行为。那个女孩一直不敢告诉她的父母，因为她的父亲在伍德林担任护林员。

After investigating further, Sherman and the park ranger found legitimacy with both claims.

经过进一步调查后，谢尔曼和公园管理员发现这两种说法都是合理的。

The men brought their evidence to Fritiof Fryxell, Grand Teton’s first naturalist, who was “horrified” to learn the news and assisted with their investigation. Just four years previous, Fryxell had recommended that the mountain be named after Woodring.

这些人将证据交给了大提顿的第一位博物学家弗里蒂奥夫·弗里克塞尔（Fritiof Fryxell），弗里蒂奥夫·弗里克塞尔得知这个消息后感到“震惊”并协助他们进行调查。就在四年前，弗里克塞尔建议以伍德林的名字命名这座山。

When the father of the 11-year-old girl accused Woodring of sexually assaulting his daughter, the superintendent allegedly admitted to some guilt but denied committing rape.

当 11 岁女孩的父亲指控伍德林性侵他的女儿时，负责人据称承认了一些罪行，但否认犯有强奸罪。

But when the secretary directly questioned Woodring about the allegations, the superintendent said that in one instance one of the girls climbed into his lap, leading him to believe they wanted to engage in physical relations.

但当秘书直接向伍德林询问这些指控时，负责人表示，有一次，其中一名女孩爬到他的腿上，让他相信她们想要发生身体关系。

After the charges were filed, the secretary said Woodring changed his tune again, claiming he had been framed entirely. Woodring was arrested and pleaded not guilty to the charge, after which he was released on a $5,000 surety bond.

指控提出后，秘书说伍德林再次改变了态度，声称自己完全是被陷害的。伍德林被捕后对指控表示不认罪，之后在交纳 5,000 美元的保证金后获释。

“These documents should demonstrate the offensive nature of the name Mount Woodring and the need to adopt a new name at the earliest possible opportunity,” Noble wrote in his name change proposal application.

诺布尔在更名提案申请中写道：“这些文件应该表明伍德林山这个名字的冒犯性，以及尽早采用新名字的必要性。”

Was Well-Known

Woodring resigned from his position and left Teton County, never to work in the Park Service again, said Shelley Messer, a natural resource analyst for the State Engineer's Office and a voting member of the Wyoming Board on Geographic Names. He died five years later.

州工程师办公室自然资源分析师、怀俄明州地名委员会投票成员雪莱·梅塞尔 (Shelley Messer) 表示，著名的伍德林辞去职务并离开提顿县，再也没有在公园管理局工作。五年后他去世了。

“The community was well aware of what happened,” Messer said. “It kind of put a scarlet letter on his name.”

“社区很清楚发生了什么，”梅塞尔说。 “这就像在他的名字上加了一个红字。”

According to Noble, in the early 1960s, a small group of men launched an effort to name the mountain after Woodring while fully aware of the allegations made against him nearly 30 years prior. The Board of Geographic Names then approved the designation in 1963.

根据诺布尔的说法，在 20 世纪 60 年代初，一小群人发起了一项努力，以伍德林的名字命名这座山，同时充分意识到近 30 年前针对他的指控。地名委员会随后于 1963 年批准了这一指定。

Messer said the name was likely only approved because of a lack of knowledge about Woodring’s past. Today, finding background information on people is much more readily available thanks to the internet and other resources.

梅塞尔表示，这个名字可能只是因为对伍德林的过去缺乏了解而获得批准。如今，借助互联网和其他资源，查找人们的背景信息变得更加容易。

“Back in the 1960s, they did not have what they had today,” she said. “I believe when they named it that they erred.”

“早在 20 世纪 60 年代，他们就没有今天所拥有的一切，”她说。 “我相信当他们给它命名时，他们就犯了错误。”

Messer stressed that she’s only one member on the board, but plans to vote for the name change, as she was persuaded by the court records and Sherman’s letter. The fact that the charges were dropped makes no difference to her.

梅塞尔强调，她只是董事会成员之一，但她计划投票支持更名，因为她被法庭记录和谢尔曼的信说服了。指控被撤销这一事实对她来说没有什么影响。

“I personally think the supporting documents are pretty persuasive,” she said.

“我个人认为支持文件很有说服力，”她说。

She said her board has received very little public input on the name change and no feedback from the U.S. Forest Service or Teton County commissioners.

她说，她的董事会收到的关于更名的公众意见很少，也没有收到美国林务局或提顿县专员的反馈。

Because of the lack of feedback, Messer said she doesn’t anticipate her board taking a vote on the name change at its April 18 meeting.

由于缺乏反馈，梅塞尔表示，她预计董事会不会在 4 月 18 日的会议上就更名进行投票。

Name It Raven

Noble said it’s safer to name the mountain after an animal like a raven rather than any person.

RavenNoble 表示，以乌鸦等动物的名字命名这座山比以任何人的名字命名更安全。

“The reputation of a person can change with the passage of time, whereas the status of a raven is not likely to change as years pass,” Noble writes. “The hope is that Raven Peak will have staying power that helps to make it a fitting name.”

“一个人的声誉会随着时间的推移而改变，而乌鸦的地位不太可能随着岁月的流逝而改变，”诺布尔写道。 “我们希望乌鸦峰能够拥有持久力，使其成为一个合适的名字。”

Ravens are commonly found throughout Wyoming, and in particular the Tetons. There are a number of mountains named after ravens throughout the greater western United States, but none in Wyoming.

乌鸦在怀俄明州随处可见，尤其是提顿山脉。美国大西部地区有许多以乌鸦命名的山脉，但怀俄明州没有一座山脉。

Sign Of The Times

There have been hundreds of name changes made to landmarks throughout the U.S. in recent years as a result of a greater recognition for past misdoings and wrongs committed by those who were honored.

时代的标志 近年来，美国各地的地标建筑已进行了数百次更名，因为人们对那些受表彰者过去犯下的不当行为和错误有了更多的认识。

Some have criticized this movement as an example of erasing or revising history.

一些人批评这一运动是抹杀或修改历史的例子。

The Wyoming board only makes recommendations on name changes, which it then provides to the U.S. Board on Geographic Names to make a final decision on.

怀俄明州委员会仅就名称变更提出建议，然后将其提交给美国地名委员会做出最终决定。

The national board officially changed the name of Swastika Lake in Albany County in January after receiving a 4-3 recommendation from the Wyoming board.

在收到怀俄明州委员会以 4 比 3 的建议后，国家委员会于 1 月份正式更名为奥尔巴尼县的万字湖 (Swastika Lake)。

Messer said her board is mostly split on the issue of name changes.

梅塞尔表示，她的董事会在更名问题上意见分歧很大。

“There’s very much an aspect of this that says this is history complete, yes we should tell this history,” she said. “There’s also a contingency that says yes this is history, but not the history we should celebrate.”

“这在很大程度上表明这是完整的历史，是的，我们应该讲述这段历史，”她说。 “还有一种偶然性表明，是的，这是历史，但不是我们应该庆祝的历史。”

In recent years, the Wyoming board has recommended name changes for a peak in Yellowstone National Park formerly named Mt. Doane, and Swastika Lake. The board has also rejected proposals for changes to the Hayden Valley in Yellowstone and a small mountain outside Cody that would have been named after the famous artist Jackson Pollock.

近年来，怀俄明州委员会建议黄石国家公园的一座山峰（原名多恩山）和万字湖更名。该委员会还拒绝了对黄石公园海登谷和科迪郊外一座小山进行改造的提议，这座小山将以著名艺术家杰克逊·波洛克的名字命名。

In 2022, the U.S. Department of Interior announced that it had assigned new names to 643 federal geographical locations nationwide and 41 on Wyoming federal lands that included the word “squaw.”

2022 年，美国内政部宣布，已为全国 643 个联邦地理位置和怀俄明州联邦土地上的 41 个地点指定了新名称，其中包含“squaw”一词。

At their meeting April 18, the board will also consider a name change proposal for an unnamed creek in Natrona County to be named Porter Creek after a family that owned property along it. Messer said this proposal has been unopposed.

在 4 月 18 日的会议上，董事会还将考虑一项更名提案，将纳特罗纳县一条未命名的小溪以在其沿岸拥有房产的一个家庭的名字命名为波特溪 (Porter Creek)。梅塞尔表示，这一提议没有遭到反对。

Leo WolfsonLeo@CowboyStateDaily.com.

利奥·沃尔夫森Leo@CowboyStateDaily.com。