大提頓國家公園伍德林山重命名工作正在進行中您的懷俄明州新聞來源

The Wyoming Board on Geographical Names is considering a proposal to rename a prominent peak in the Grand Tetons honoring a man with a checkered past.

懷俄明州地名委員會正在考慮一項提案，將大提頓山脈的一座突出山峰重新命名，以紀念一位有著曲折過去的人。

At its meeting next week, the board will consider a name change proposal for 11,595-foot Mount Woodring, named after Samuel Woodring, the first superintendent of Grand Teton National Park. The mountain is a prominent fixture of the Teton Range, located adjacent to the often-photographed Mount Moran.

在下週的會議上，董事會將考慮 11,595 英尺高的伍德林山 (Mount Woodring) 的更名提案，該山以大提頓國家公園第一任管理員塞繆爾·伍德林 (Samuel Woodring) 的名字命名。這座山是提頓山脈的一個著名景點，毗鄰經常被拍照的莫蘭山。

In 1934, Woodring faced criminal charges, accused of attempting to rape an 11-year old girl, a charge that was subsequently dropped — but not before Woodring resigned from his position and left Teton County in disgrace.

1934 年，伍德林面臨刑事指控，被指控試圖強姦一名 11 歲女孩，這項指控隨後被撤銷，但在此之前伍德林辭去了職務，蒙羞地離開了提頓縣。

Colorado resident Bruce Noble has submitted the proposal for the name change because of the charges brought against Woodring, requesting Mount Woodring be renamed to Raven Peak.

科羅拉多州居民布魯斯·諾布爾因對伍德林的指控而提交了更名提案，要求將伍德林山更名為烏鴉峰。

History Of the Name

Woodring became superintendent of Grand Teton park in 1929 and is largely known for his early efforts to build trails there and his work to establish the park.

名字的歷史 伍德林於 1929 年成為大提頓公園的管理者，因其早期在那裡修建步道的努力以及建立公園的工作而聞名。

According to a 2017 Jackson Hole News and Guide story, Woodring had previously been an Army ranger, packmaster, firefighter and chief ranger of Yellowstone, and rubbed shoulders with former presidents Teddy Roosevelt, Warren Harding and Calvin Coolidge.

根據2017 年《傑克遜霍爾新聞與指南》報道，伍德林曾擔任陸軍護林員、背包管理員、消防員和黃石國家公園的首席護林員，並與前總統泰迪·羅斯福、沃倫·哈丁和卡爾文·柯立芝有過交往。

In 1934, Woodring was charged in Teton County District Court with assault with intent to commit rape on an 11-year-old girl.

1934 年，伍德林在提頓縣地方法院被指控襲擊並意圖強姦一名 11 歲女孩。

In his name change application, Noble provided court records from 1934 to prove that Woodring was charged with the crime, which was fully investigated. To collect this evidence, Noble had to make trips to the Wyoming State Archives and National Archives in Maryland.

諾布爾在改名申請中提供了 1934 年的法庭記錄，證明伍德林被指控犯有這一罪行，該罪行已得到充分調查。為了收集這些證據，諾貝爾必須前往懷俄明州檔案館和馬裡蘭州國家檔案館。

The charges were eventually dropped against Woodring when the alleged victim's parents said they didn’t want to put their daughter through the trauma of testifying.

當據稱受害者的父母表示他們不想讓女兒承受作證的創傷時，對伍德林的指控最終被撤銷。

Concerning Allegations

In his application to change the mountain’s name, Noble also included a 1934 letter from Woodring’s secretary sent to the director of the National Park Service at the time, detailing an investigation that took place into the allegations against Woodring, which were found to be credible.

關於指控在諾布爾更改山名的申請中，還附上了一封1934 年伍德林秘書寫給當時國家公園管理局局長的信，信中詳細介紹了對伍德林指控的調查結果，這些指控被認為是可信的。

The secretary, H.M. Sherman, said they had heard a story from a trusted source about a young girl who said she had been sexually assaulted by Woodring at least six times.

秘書 H.M.謝爾曼說，他們從可靠消息來源聽到了一個關於年輕女孩的故事，她說她至少被伍德林性侵犯了六次。

Sherman also relayed another story brought to him by a park ranger about Woodring attempting to perform sexual acts on a 12-year-old girl. That girl had been afraid to tell her parents as her father worked for Woodring as a ranger.

謝爾曼還轉述了一名公園管理員向他講述的另一個故事，內容是伍德林試圖對一名 12 歲女孩進行性行為。那個女孩一直不敢告訴她的父母，因為她的父親在伍德林擔任護林員。

After investigating further, Sherman and the park ranger found legitimacy with both claims.

經過進一步調查後，謝爾曼和公園管理員發現這兩種說法都是合理的。

The men brought their evidence to Fritiof Fryxell, Grand Teton’s first naturalist, who was “horrified” to learn the news and assisted with their investigation. Just four years previous, Fryxell had recommended that the mountain be named after Woodring.

這些人將證據交給了大提頓的第一位博物學家弗里蒂奧夫·弗里克塞爾（Fritiof Fryxell），弗里蒂奧夫·弗里克塞爾得知這個消息後感到“震驚”並協助他們進行調查。就在四年前，弗里克塞爾建議以伍德林的名字命名這座山。

When the father of the 11-year-old girl accused Woodring of sexually assaulting his daughter, the superintendent allegedly admitted to some guilt but denied committing rape.

當 11 歲女孩的父親指控伍德林性侵他的女兒時，負責人據稱承認了一些罪行，但否認犯有強姦罪。

But when the secretary directly questioned Woodring about the allegations, the superintendent said that in one instance one of the girls climbed into his lap, leading him to believe they wanted to engage in physical relations.

但當秘書直接向伍德林詢問這些指控時，負責人表示，有一次，其中一名女孩爬到他的腿上，讓他相信她們想要發生身體關係。

After the charges were filed, the secretary said Woodring changed his tune again, claiming he had been framed entirely. Woodring was arrested and pleaded not guilty to the charge, after which he was released on a $5,000 surety bond.

指控提出後，秘書說伍德林再次改變了態度，聲稱自己完全是被陷害的。伍德林被捕後對指控表示不認罪，之後在交納 5,000 美元的保證金後獲釋。

“These documents should demonstrate the offensive nature of the name Mount Woodring and the need to adopt a new name at the earliest possible opportunity,” Noble wrote in his name change proposal application.

諾布爾在更名提案申請中寫道：“這些文件應該表明伍德林山這個名字的冒犯性，以及儘早採用新名字的必要性。”

Was Well-Known

Woodring resigned from his position and left Teton County, never to work in the Park Service again, said Shelley Messer, a natural resource analyst for the State Engineer's Office and a voting member of the Wyoming Board on Geographic Names. He died five years later.

州工程師辦公室自然資源分析師、懷俄明州地名委員會投票成員雪萊·梅塞爾 (Shelley Messer) 表示，著名的伍德林辭去職務並離開提頓縣，再也沒有在公園管理局工作。五年後他去世了。

“The community was well aware of what happened,” Messer said. “It kind of put a scarlet letter on his name.”

「社區很清楚發生了什麼，」梅塞爾說。 “這就像在他的名字上加了一個紅字。”

According to Noble, in the early 1960s, a small group of men launched an effort to name the mountain after Woodring while fully aware of the allegations made against him nearly 30 years prior. The Board of Geographic Names then approved the designation in 1963.

根據諾布爾的說法，在 20 世紀 60 年代初，一小群人發起了一項努力，以伍德林的名字命名這座山，同時充分意識到近 30 年前針對他的指控。地名委員會隨後於 1963 年批准了這項指定。

Messer said the name was likely only approved because of a lack of knowledge about Woodring’s past. Today, finding background information on people is much more readily available thanks to the internet and other resources.

梅塞爾表示，這個名字可能只是因為對伍德林的過去缺乏了解而獲得批准。如今，借助網路和其他資源，尋找人們的背景資訊變得更加容易。

“Back in the 1960s, they did not have what they had today,” she said. “I believe when they named it that they erred.”

「早在 20 世紀 60 年代，他們就沒有今天所擁有的一切，」她說。 “我相信當他們給它命名時，他們就犯了錯誤。”

Messer stressed that she’s only one member on the board, but plans to vote for the name change, as she was persuaded by the court records and Sherman’s letter. The fact that the charges were dropped makes no difference to her.

梅塞爾強調，她只是董事會成員之一，但她計劃投票支持更名，因為她被法庭記錄和謝爾曼的信說服了。指控被撤銷這一事實對她來說沒有什麼影響。

“I personally think the supporting documents are pretty persuasive,” she said.

「我個人認為支持文件很有說服力，」她說。

She said her board has received very little public input on the name change and no feedback from the U.S. Forest Service or Teton County commissioners.

她說，她的董事會收到的關於更名的公眾意見很少，也沒有收到美國林務局或提頓縣專員的回饋。

Because of the lack of feedback, Messer said she doesn’t anticipate her board taking a vote on the name change at its April 18 meeting.

由於缺乏回饋，梅塞爾表示，她預計董事會不會在 4 月 18 日的會議上就更名進行投票。

Name It Raven

Noble said it’s safer to name the mountain after an animal like a raven rather than any person.

RavenNoble 表示，以烏鴉等動物的名字命名這座山比以任何人的名字命名更安全。

“The reputation of a person can change with the passage of time, whereas the status of a raven is not likely to change as years pass,” Noble writes. “The hope is that Raven Peak will have staying power that helps to make it a fitting name.”

「一個人的聲譽會隨著時間的推移而改變，而烏鴉的地位不太可能隨著歲月的流逝而改變，」諾布爾寫道。 “我們希望烏鴉峰能夠擁有持久力，使其成為一個合適的名字。”

Ravens are commonly found throughout Wyoming, and in particular the Tetons. There are a number of mountains named after ravens throughout the greater western United States, but none in Wyoming.

烏鴉在懷俄明州隨處可見，尤其是提頓山脈。美國大西部地區有許多以烏鴉命名的山脈，但懷俄明州沒有一座山脈。

Sign Of The Times

There have been hundreds of name changes made to landmarks throughout the U.S. in recent years as a result of a greater recognition for past misdoings and wrongs committed by those who were honored.

時代的標誌 近年來，美國各地的地標建築已進行了數百次更名，因為人們對那些受表彰者過去犯下的不當行為和錯誤有了更多的認識。

Some have criticized this movement as an example of erasing or revising history.

有些人批評這項運動是抹殺或修改歷史的例子。

The Wyoming board only makes recommendations on name changes, which it then provides to the U.S. Board on Geographic Names to make a final decision on.

懷俄明州委員會僅就名稱變更提出建議，然後提交給美國地名委員會做出最終決定。

The national board officially changed the name of Swastika Lake in Albany County in January after receiving a 4-3 recommendation from the Wyoming board.

在收到懷俄明州委員會以 4 比 3 的建議後，國家委員會於 1 月正式更名為奧爾巴尼縣的萬字湖 (Swastika Lake)。

Messer said her board is mostly split on the issue of name changes.

梅塞爾表示，她的董事會在更名議題上意見分歧很大。

“There’s very much an aspect of this that says this is history complete, yes we should tell this history,” she said. “There’s also a contingency that says yes this is history, but not the history we should celebrate.”

「這在很大程度上表明這是完整的歷史，是的，我們應該講述這段歷史，」她說。 “還有一種偶然性表明，是的，這是歷史，但不是我們應該慶祝的歷史。”

In recent years, the Wyoming board has recommended name changes for a peak in Yellowstone National Park formerly named Mt. Doane, and Swastika Lake. The board has also rejected proposals for changes to the Hayden Valley in Yellowstone and a small mountain outside Cody that would have been named after the famous artist Jackson Pollock.

近年來，懷俄明州委員會建議黃石國家公園的一座山峰（原名多恩山）和萬字湖更名。該委員會還拒絕了對黃石公園海登谷和科迪郊外一座小山進行改造的提議，這座小山將以著名藝術家傑克遜·波洛克的名字命名。

In 2022, the U.S. Department of Interior announced that it had assigned new names to 643 federal geographical locations nationwide and 41 on Wyoming federal lands that included the word “squaw.”

2022 年，美國內政部宣布，已為全國 643 個聯邦地理位置和懷俄明州聯邦土地上的 41 個地點指定了新名稱，其中包含“squaw”一詞。

At their meeting April 18, the board will also consider a name change proposal for an unnamed creek in Natrona County to be named Porter Creek after a family that owned property along it. Messer said this proposal has been unopposed.

在4 月18 日的會議上，董事會還將考慮一項更名提案，將納特羅納縣一條未命名的小溪以在其沿岸擁有房產的一個家庭的名字命名為波特溪(Porter Creek) 。梅塞爾表示，這項提議沒有遭到反對。

Leo WolfsonLeo@CowboyStateDaily.com.

利奧·沃爾夫森Leo@CowboyStateDaily.com。