比特币现在正处于突破 10 万美元一度神话估值的风口浪尖

尽管在 15 年的历史中经历了挫折和低迷，比特币现在正处于突破曾经神话般的 10 万美元估值的风口浪尖。

Bitcoin is close to reaching a value of $100,000 for the first time ever, a remarkable achievement that comes despite setbacks and slumps over its 15-year history.

比特币的价值首次接近 10 万美元，尽管在其 15 年的历史中经历了挫折和低迷，但仍取得了非凡的成就。

The world's premier cryptocurrency has had a stellar year, more than doubling in valuation since January 1. It is currently hovering at around $99,000 as of publication time, having briefly reaching $99,347 at around 3:00 a.m. ET.

这种全球首屈一指的加密货币经历了辉煌的一年，自 1 月 1 日以来估值翻了一番多。截至发稿时，它目前徘徊在 99,000 美元左右，在美国东部时间凌晨 3:00 左右短暂达到 99,347 美元。

"$100k means many of Bitcoin's fiercest critics have some crow to eat," Garrick Hileman, an economic historian and cryptocurrency researcher, told Newsweek. "Bitcoiners in 2021-22 who adopted the 'laser eyes until $100k' mantra were widely ridiculed at the time when the price collapsed the following year. We know who is laughing now."

经济历史学家兼加密货币研究员加里克·希勒曼 (Garrick Hileman) 告诉《新闻周刊》：“10 万美元意味着许多比特币最激烈的批评者有一些乌鸦可吃。” “2021-22 年比特币爱好者们采用了‘激光眼直到 10 万美元’的口号，当第二年价格暴跌时，他们受到了广泛的嘲笑。我们知道现在谁在笑。”

The steady 2024 success of the cryptocurrency is owed largely to a decision by the Securities and Exchange Commission, which in March approved the use of U.S.-listed exchange traded funds (ETFs) to track Bitcoin.

加密货币在 2024 年的稳定成功很大程度上归功于美国证券交易委员会的一项决定，该委员会于 3 月份批准使用在美国上市的交易所交易基金 (ETF) 来追踪比特币。

But the most recent surge comes on the heels of President-elect Donald Trump's victory in the 2024 presidential election, and the belief that his incoming administration will usher in more crypto-friendly policies.

但最近的一次激增是在当选总统唐纳德·特朗普 (Donald Trump) 在 2024 年总统选举中获胜之后发生的，人们相信他即将上任的政府将推出更加有利于加密货币的政策。

Since the first transaction in 2009, Bitcoin's rise has been nothing short of meteoric. According to the 2024 Crypto Wealth Report, the number of millionaires whose wealth comes from Bitcoin now stands at 85,400, a rise of 111 percent in the past 12 months.

自 2009 年第一笔交易以来，比特币的崛起可谓是飞速发展。根据《2024 年加密货币财富报告》，目前拥有比特币财富的百万富翁人数为 85,400 人，在过去 12 个月内增长了 111%。

But for all its recent success, Bitcoin's history is fraught with fluctuations in price, legal challenges to the cryptocurrency market, and cautionary tales about the risks of speculative investing in such an untraditional asset.

但尽管比特币最近取得了成功，但它的历史却充满了价格波动、加密货币市场的法律挑战，以及对这种非传统资产进行投机性投资风险的警示故事。

What is Bitcoin?

什么是比特币？

Bitcoin was created by Satoshi Nakamoto, the pseudonym given to the individual or individuals who in 2008 authored a white paper outlining their vision for "a purely peer-to-peer version of electronic cash."

比特币是由中本聪 (Satoshi Nakamoto) 创建的，中本聪在 2008 年撰写了一份白皮书，概述了他们对“纯粹的点对点版本的电子现金”的愿景。

This decentralized currency, Nakamoto wrote, would "allow online payments to be sent directly from one party to another without going through a financial institution."

中本聪写道，这种去中心化的货币将“允许在线支付直接从一方发送到另一方，而无需通过金融机构。”

Unlike traditional money controlled by governments, Bitcoin is managed by a network of computers all around the world. These computers follow the same rules, ensuring no single person or entity can control it.

与政府控制的传统货币不同，比特币由世界各地的计算机网络管理。这些计算机遵循相同的规则，确保任何个人或实体都无法控制它。

Each transaction is recorded in a public database called the blockchain—grouped together (blocks) and linked in chronological order (the chain).

每笔交易都记录在称为区块链的公共数据库中 - 分组在一起（块）并按时间顺序链接（链）。

To ensure that the Bitcoin, like traditional currencies, does not suffer the effects of inflation, there is a finite supply of only 21 million. New Bitcoins are created through a process called mining, in which powerful computers are used to to solve complex math problems, which validate transactions and add them to the blockchain. Of the 21 million in existence, around 19 million have been mined.

为了确保比特币像传统货币一样不受通货膨胀的影响，其供应量有限，仅为2100万个。新的比特币是通过称为“挖矿”的过程创建的，其中使用强大的计算机来解决复杂的数学问题，验证交易并将其添加到区块链中。在现存的 2100 万颗中，约有 1900 万颗已被开采。

Mined coins can be used to buy goods and services from those that accept them, be sent across borders, or be held as investment to sell off whenever Bitcoin undergoes one of its bull runs.

开采的硬币可用于从接受它们的人那里购买商品和服务，跨境发送，或作为投资持有，以便在比特币经历一轮牛市时出售。

How has Bitcoin reached the $100K milestone?

比特币是如何达到 10 万美元里程碑的？

The cryptocurrency hit its first major milestone in 2017, reaching nearly $20,000 before plummeting to nearly $3,000 by the end of 2018. Its crash, which some compared to the bursting of the dot-com bubble, came amid fears that the crypto market was plagued by fraud, and that these non-physical currency could be easily taken out by only one government directive.

这种加密货币在 2017 年达到了第一个重要里程碑，达到近 20,000 美元，然后在 2018 年底暴跌至近 3,000 美元。它的崩溃（有人将其与互联网泡沫的破裂相比较）是在人们担心加密货币市场受到困扰的情况下发生的。欺诈，而且这些非实物货币只需一项政府指令就可以轻松取出。

While these concerns tempered growth for years, its next surge came in 2021, when Bitcoin soared to $60,000, driven by growing institutional interest and its increased adoption as a potential hedge against inflation.

尽管这些担忧多年来抑制了增长，但下一次飙升出现在 2021 年，当时比特币飙升至 60,000 美元，原因是机构兴趣不断增长，以及人们越来越多地采用比特币作为潜在的通胀对冲工具。

This high was again short-lived, with Bitcoin shedding nearly half of its value by mid-2021, which Time attributed to China's legislative "crackdown" on Bitcoin mining, as well as Elon Musk announcing that his company, Tesla, would suspend vehicle purchases using the cryptocurrency.

这个高点再次是短暂的，到 2021 年中期，比特币的价值已经蒸发了近一半，《时代》杂志将其归因于中国对比特币挖矿的立法“打击”，以及埃隆·马斯克宣布他的公司特斯拉将暂停购买汽车使用加密货币。

While it returned to $69,000 by November 2021, the Federal Reserve began to raise interest rates to combat inflation, dissuading investors form the riskier assets such as Bitcoin and ushering in what the World Economic Forum referred to as a "crypto winter." Investors confidence was further rocked by the implosion of FTX, one of the world's largest cryptocurrency exchanges, in late 2022. Bitcoin finished the year at $16,548.

虽然到 2021 年 11 月它回到了 69,000 美元，但美联储开始提高利率以对抗通货膨胀，劝阻投资者放弃比特币等风险较高的资产，并迎来世界经济论坛所说的“加密货币冬天”。 2022 年底，全球最大的加密货币交易所之一 FTX 的崩溃进一步动摇了投资者的信心。比特币全年收于 16,548 美元。

"In the future, 2022 may be regarded as a turning point for the world of virtual currencies, when they lost their luster and were cast out as a fringe product most people approach with skepticism

“未来，2022年可能被视为虚拟货币世界的转折点，届时它们将失去光彩，并被视为大多数人持怀疑态度的边缘产品。