币安与伊朗的危险联系：无视制裁并促进基于加密的逃税

尽管美国于 2018 年实施制裁，将伊朗与全球金融体系隔离，但领先的加密货币交易所币安已处理与伊朗的数十亿美元交易，总金额超过 80 亿美元。这一基于区块链数据的披露暴露了潜在的违反美国制裁的行为和洗钱问题，使币安面临法律后果的风险。

Binance's Iranian Connection: Risking U.S. Sanctions and Enabling Crypto-Based Sanctions Evasion

币安与伊朗的联系：冒着美国制裁的风险并能够逃避基于加密货币的制裁

Since 2018, the cryptocurrency giant Binance has processed Iranian transactions worth a staggering $8 billion, flouting U.S. sanctions designed to isolate Iran from the global financial system. This revelation, uncovered through an analysis of blockchain data from leading industry researcher Chainalysis, exposes the alarming scale of Binance's exposure to Iranian-linked entities and raises serious concerns about the company's compliance with anti-money laundering laws.

自 2018 年以来，加密货币巨头币安已处理了价值惊人的 80 亿美元的伊朗交易，无视美国旨在将伊朗孤立于全球金融体系之外的制裁。这一消息是通过领先行业研究机构 Chainaanalysis 对区块链数据的分析发现的，暴露了币安与伊朗相关实体的接触规模惊人，并引发了对该公司遵守反洗钱法的严重担忧。

A Gateway for Iranian Crypto Transactions

伊朗加密货币交易的网关

Almost the entire sum – $7.8 billion – flowed directly between Binance and Nobitex, Iran's largest cryptocurrency exchange. Nobitex's website prominently features guidance on circumventing sanctions, including the use of a specific token called Tron, which allows users to conceal their identities. In a blog post last year, Nobitex explicitly encouraged its clients to use Tron to trade anonymously, shielding their assets from the "endangering [of] sanctions."

几乎全部金额（78 亿美元）直接在币安和伊朗最大的加密货币交易所 Nobitex 之间流动。 Nobitex 的网站突出显示了有关规避制裁的指南，包括使用名为 Tron 的特定代币，该代币允许用户隐藏自己的身份。在去年的一篇博文中，Nobitex 明确鼓励其客户使用 Tron 进行匿名交易，保护他们的资产免受“制裁的威胁”。

Indirect Flows: A Red Flag for Money Laundering

间接流动：洗钱的危险信号

Beyond direct transfers, the data reveals a further $5 billion in crypto flowing between Iranian exchanges and Binance through layers of intermediaries. Regulators view such "indirect" flows as potential red flags, indicating possible money laundering or sanctions evasion. The sophisticated tracking techniques employed by crypto users to cover their tracks make this illicit activity particularly challenging to detect.

除了直接转账之外，数据还显示伊朗交易所和币安之间通过层层中介机构还有 50 亿美元的加密货币流动。监管机构将这种“间接”资金流动视为潜在的危险信号，表明可能存在洗钱或逃避制裁的情况。加密货币用户使用复杂的跟踪技术来掩盖他们的踪迹，这使得这种非法活动特别难以检测。

Tron: Hiding in Plain Sight

创：隐藏在众目睽睽之下

Three-quarters of the Iranian funds that passed through Binance were in Tron, a relatively low-profile cryptocurrency. Tron's privacy features, including the zk-SNARK protocol, enable users to mask their identities, making it a preferred tool for those seeking to evade sanctions or engage in criminal activities.

通过币安的伊朗资金中有四分之三是 Tron，这是一种相对低调的加密货币。 Tron 的隐私功能（包括 zk-SNARK 协议）使用户能够掩盖自己的身份，使其成为那些寻求逃避制裁或从事犯罪活动的人的首选工具。

Binance's Response: Evasive and Inadequate

币安的回应：回避且不充分

Despite the overwhelming evidence, Binance has refused to answer detailed questions about these illicit transactions. While acknowledging its obligation to follow international sanctions rules, Binance maintains that it has taken proactive steps to limit its exposure to the Iranian market. However, the company has declined to provide specifics regarding the location or entity behind its Binance.com exchange.

尽管有压倒性的证据，币安仍拒绝回答有关这些非法交易的详细问题。币安承认有义务遵守国际制裁规则，但坚称已采取积极措施限制其对伊朗市场的敞口。然而，该公司拒绝提供有关 Binance.com 交易所背后的地点或实体的具体信息。

Escalating U.S. Scrutiny

美国加强审查

Binance's conduct has not escaped the attention of U.S. law enforcement. The Justice Department is currently investigating the company for possible violations of anti-money laundering laws, including its handling of Iranian-linked transactions. This probe also encompasses potential criminal sanctions violations in connection with Iran.

币安的行为并未逃过美国执法部门的关注。司法部目前正在调查该公司是否可能违反反洗钱法，包括处理与伊朗有关的交易。这项调查还包括与伊朗有关的潜在违反刑事制裁的行为。

Secondary Sanctions: A Legal Sword of Damocles

二级制裁：达摩克利斯的法律之剑

The Iranian transactions identified by Reuters put Binance at significant risk of "secondary" sanctions imposed by the U.S. These sanctions aim to prevent non-U.S. firms from engaging in business with sanctioned entities or aiding individuals or organizations in evading U.S. trade embargoes. Binance could face severe consequences, including the loss of access to the U.S. financial system.

路透社指出的伊朗交易使币安面临美国实施“二级”制裁的重大风险。这些制裁旨在防止非美国公司与受制裁实体开展业务或帮助个人或组织逃避美国贸易禁运。币安可能面临严重后果，包括无法进入美国金融体系。

Potential Primary Sanctions: A Direct Threat

潜在的主要制裁：直接威胁

Binance may also be vulnerable to direct "primary" sanctions if the company has a "nexus to the United States." Such links can include U.S.-incorporated entities, transactions processed through the U.S. financial system, or the use of the dollar. Binance's refusal to clarify its legal structure and financial dealings raises red flags and increases the risk of exposure to these primary sanctions.

如果币安与美国有“联系”，那么该公司也可能容易受到直接“主要”制裁。此类链接可以包括在美国注册的实体、通过美国金融系统处理的交易或美元的使用。币安拒绝澄清其法律结构和金融交易，这引发了危险信号，并增加了遭受这些主要制裁的风险。

Nobitex's Role: Facilitating Sanctions Evasion

Nobitex 的作用：协助规避制裁

Nobitex, the Iranian exchange at the center of these transactions, plays a crucial role in enabling Iranians to skirt U.S. sanctions. The exchange's website offers detailed guidance on using intermediaries and concealing transactions, effectively providing a blueprint for evading international law.

位于这些交易中心的伊朗交易所 Nobitex 在帮助伊朗人规避美国制裁方面发挥着至关重要的作用。该交易所的网站提供了有关使用中介机构和隐瞒交易的详细指导，有效地为逃避国际法提供了蓝图。

Consequences for U.S. Entities

对美国实体的影响

Violations of U.S. sanctions against Iran carry severe penalties for American companies. Criminal fines can reach $1 million per violation, while individuals involved face up to 20 years in prison. In October, the Treasury Department fined the Seattle-based crypto exchange Bittrex a staggering $24 million for processing crypto transactions with Iranian-linked entities.

违反美国对伊朗的制裁，美国公司将受到严厉处罚。每次违法行为的刑事罚款最高可达 100 万美元，而涉案个人将面临最高 20 年的监禁。 10 月，美国财政部因处理与伊朗相关实体的加密交易而对总部位于西雅图的加密货币交易所 Bittrex 处以 2400 万美元的巨额罚款。

Binance.US: A Questionable Disconnect

Binance.US：可疑的脱节

While Binance claims not to accept customers in the U.S., the data shows that Binance.US, a separate exchange operated by a U.S. company, processed $1.5 million in transactions from Iranian exchanges. This raises questions about the independence of Binance.US and the extent to which Binance controls its operations.

尽管币安声称不接受美国客户，但数据显示，由一家美国公司运营的独立交易所 Binance.US 处理了来自伊朗交易所的 150 万美元交易。这引发了人们对 Binance.US 的独立性以及币安对其运营的控制程度的质疑。

Conclusion: A Compliance Crisis

结论：合规危机

Binance's Iranian crypto dealings paint a troubling picture of a company that has prioritized profit over compliance. The scale and scope of these transactions, coupled with the use of privacy-enhancing tools and the facilitation of indirect flows, raise serious concerns about Binance's adherence to anti-money laundering laws and its willingness to undermine U.S. sanctions. The ongoing Justice Department investigation looms over Binance, threatening to expose its alleged wrongdoing and impose severe penalties. Binance's reputation as a trusted cryptocurrency exchange is now at stake, with its future hanging in the balance.

币安的伊朗加密货币交易描绘了一幅令人不安的景象：一家将利润置于合规之上的公司。这些交易的规模和范围，加上隐私增强工具的使用和间接流动的便利，引发了人们对币安遵守反洗钱法及其破坏美国制裁的意愿的严重担忧。司法部正在进行的调查笼罩着币安，威胁要揭露其涉嫌的不当行为并实施严厉处罚。币安作为值得信赖的加密货币交易所的声誉现在受到威胁，其未来也悬而未决。