美国上诉法院裁定财政部对加密货币混合器龙卷风现金的制裁过多

美国联邦上诉法院裁定，财政部对加密货币混合器 Tornado Cash 的制裁过度，因为他们不公正地针对

The US federal appeals court has ruled that the Treasury Department's sanctions on crypto mixer Tornado Cash were excessive, as they aimed at open-source software without clear legal justification.

美国联邦上诉法院裁定，财政部对加密货币混合器 Tornado Cash 的制裁过度，因为它们针对的是开源软件，没有明确的法律依据。

According to the court, while the US Treasury and its OFAC department have the authority to block “any property in which any foreign country or a national thereof has any interest,” Tornado Cash's smart contracts do not fulfill the criteria for being classified as property under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) and related legal interpretations.

法院称，虽然美国财政部及其 OFAC 部门有权阻止“任何外国或其国民拥有任何利益的任何财产”，但 Tornado Cash 的智能合约不符合被归类为财产的标准。国际紧急经济权力法 (IEEPA) 及相关法律解释。

“The immutable smart contracts at issue in this appeal are not property because they are not capable of being owned,” the ruling noted.

裁决指出：“本次上诉中涉及的不可变智能合约不是财产，因为它们无法被拥有。”

“Because even OFAC's regulatory definition requires that property be ownable, the immutable smart contracts are beyond the scope of OFAC's blocking power,” it wrote.

“因为即使 OFAC 的监管定义也要求财产是可拥有的，所以不可变的智能合约超出了 OFAC 的阻止能力范围，”它写道。

The US Treasury and its OFAC department have blacklisted Tornado Cash since 2022 due to concerns over its use in laundering billions of dollars stolen in cyberattacks, particularly those linked to North Korea's Lazarus Group.

美国财政部及其 OFAC 部门自 2022 年以来已将 Tornado Cash 列入黑名单，原因是担心它被用来洗钱在网络攻击中被盗的数十亿美元，特别是与朝鲜 Lazarus 集团有关的攻击。

However, even with sanctions in place, the crypto mixer remains operational and accessible, the ruling said. This means that sanctioned individuals can still utilize the platform despite the Treasury's attempts to block their access.

然而，裁决称，即使实施制裁，加密货币混合器仍然可以运行和访问。这意味着尽管财政部试图阻止受制裁的个人访问该平台，但他们仍然可以使用该平台。

The court suggested that the focus should be on targeting the specific individuals or entities using the software for illegal activities, rather than the technology itself.

法院建议，重点应针对使用该软件进行非法活动的特定个人或实体，而不是技术本身。

“Perhaps Congress will update IEEPA, enacted during the Carter Administration, to target modern technologies like crypto-mixing software. Until then, we hold that Tornado Cash's immutable smart contracts (the lines of privacy-enabling software code) are not the “property” of a foreign national or entity, meaning they cannot be blocked under IEEPA, and OFAC overstepped its congressionally defined authority,” the court determined.

“也许国会将更新卡特政府期间颁布的 IEEPA，以针对加密货币混合软件等现代技术。在此之前，我们认为 Tornado Cash 的不可变智能合约（支持隐私的软件代码行）不是外国人或实体的“财产”，这意味着它们不能根据 IEEPA 被阻止，并且 OFAC 超越了国会定义的权限， ”法院判决。

The ruling is seen as a huge win for the crypto industry, as it reinforces the idea that open-source software should not be penalized for the actions of a few bad actors.

该裁决被视为加密货币行业的巨大胜利，因为它强化了这样的理念：开源软件不应因少数不良行为者的行为而受到惩罚。

Coinbase's chief legal officer Paul Grewal said the legal victory is an important milestone for the industry, as it demonstrates that courts are willing to protect the rights of crypto users.

Coinbase 首席法律官 Paul Grewal 表示，此次法律胜利是该行业的一个重要里程碑，因为它表明法院愿意保护加密货币用户的权利。