美國上訴法院裁定財政部對加密貨幣混合器龍捲風現金的製裁過多

美國聯邦上訴法院裁定，財政部對加密貨幣混合器 Tornado Cash 的製裁過度，因為他們不公正地針對

The US federal appeals court has ruled that the Treasury Department's sanctions on crypto mixer Tornado Cash were excessive, as they aimed at open-source software without clear legal justification.

美國聯邦上訴法院裁定，財政部對加密貨幣混合器 Tornado Cash 的製裁過度，因為它們針對的是開源軟體，沒有明確的法律依據。

According to the court, while the US Treasury and its OFAC department have the authority to block “any property in which any foreign country or a national thereof has any interest,” Tornado Cash's smart contracts do not fulfill the criteria for being classified as property under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) and related legal interpretations.

法院稱，雖然美國財政部及其 OFAC 部門有權阻止“任何外國或其國民擁有任何利益的任何財產”，但 Tornado Cash 的智能合約不符合被歸類為財產的標準。 IEEPA) 及相關法令解釋。

“The immutable smart contracts at issue in this appeal are not property because they are not capable of being owned,” the ruling noted.

裁決指出：“本次上訴中涉及的不可變智能合約不是財產，因為它們無法被擁有。”

“Because even OFAC's regulatory definition requires that property be ownable, the immutable smart contracts are beyond the scope of OFAC's blocking power,” it wrote.

「因為即使 OFAC 的監管定義也要求財產是可擁有的，所以不可變的智能合約超出了 OFAC 的阻止能力範圍，」它寫道。

The US Treasury and its OFAC department have blacklisted Tornado Cash since 2022 due to concerns over its use in laundering billions of dollars stolen in cyberattacks, particularly those linked to North Korea's Lazarus Group.

美國財政部及其 OFAC 部門自 2022 年以來已將 Tornado Cash 列入黑名單，因為擔心它被用來洗錢在網路攻擊中被盜的數十億美元，特別是與北韓 Lazarus 集團有關的攻擊。

However, even with sanctions in place, the crypto mixer remains operational and accessible, the ruling said. This means that sanctioned individuals can still utilize the platform despite the Treasury's attempts to block their access.

然而，裁決稱，即使實施制裁，加密貨幣混合器仍然可以運作和存取。這意味著儘管財政部試圖阻止受制裁的個人訪問該平台，但他們仍然可以使用該平台。

The court suggested that the focus should be on targeting the specific individuals or entities using the software for illegal activities, rather than the technology itself.

法院建議，重點應針對使用該軟體進行非法活動的特定個人或實體，而不是技術本身。

“Perhaps Congress will update IEEPA, enacted during the Carter Administration, to target modern technologies like crypto-mixing software. Until then, we hold that Tornado Cash's immutable smart contracts (the lines of privacy-enabling software code) are not the “property” of a foreign national or entity, meaning they cannot be blocked under IEEPA, and OFAC overstepped its congressionally defined authority,” the court determined.

「也許國會將更新卡特政府期間頒布的 IEEPA，以針對加密貨幣混合軟體等現代技術。在此之前，我們認為 Tornado Cash 的不可變智能合約（支持隱私的軟體代碼行）不是外國人或實體的“財產”，這意味著它們不能根據 IEEPA 被阻止，並且 OFAC 超越了國會定義的權限， ”法院判決。

The ruling is seen as a huge win for the crypto industry, as it reinforces the idea that open-source software should not be penalized for the actions of a few bad actors.

該裁決被視為加密貨幣行業的巨大勝利，因為它強化了這樣的理念：開源軟體不應因少數不良行為者的行為而受到懲罰。

Coinbase's chief legal officer Paul Grewal said the legal victory is an important milestone for the industry, as it demonstrates that courts are willing to protect the rights of crypto users.

Coinbase 首席法律長 Paul Grewal 表示，此次法律勝利是該行業的一個重要里程碑，因為它表明法院願意保護加密貨幣用戶的權利。