Vitalik Buterin 推出反相關質押計畫以促進以太坊去中心化

以太坊的 Vitalik Buterin 引入了「反相關激勵」計劃，以增強質押的去中心化。該提案旨在懲罰頻繁出錯的驗證者，解決去中心化區塊鏈環境中重複錯誤的問題。透過阻止相關故障，該計劃旨在促進真正的去中心化並確保網路的彈性和營運效率。

Ethereum Proposes Anti-Correlation Incentive to Enhance Staking Decentralization

以太坊提出反相關誘因以增強 Stake 去中心化

In a recent blog post, Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin unveiled an "anti-correlation incentive" program aimed at bolstering decentralization in proof-of-stake (PoS) staking. The proposal, designed to penalize validators for "mundane failures" such as missed attestations, seeks to mitigate the risks associated with correlated failures in blockchain environments.

在最近的一篇部落格文章中，以太坊聯合創始人 Vitalik Buterin 宣布了一項「反相關激勵」計劃，旨在促進權益證明（PoS）質押的去中心化。該提案旨在懲罰驗證者的「普通故障」（例如錯過證明），旨在減輕與區塊鏈環境中相關故障相關的風險。

Rationale for Anti-Correlation Incentives

反相關激勵的基本原理

Buterin's proposal was driven by the observation that in decentralized networks, mistakes made by individual actors tend to be replicated by other actors under their control. This replication of errors can undermine the intended decentralization goals by creating clusters of validators that exhibit correlated behavior.

Buterin 的提議是基於這樣的觀察：在去中心化網絡中，個別參與者所犯的錯誤往往會被其控制下的其他參與者複製。這種錯誤的複製可能會透過創建表現出相關行為的驗證器群集來破壞預期的去中心化目標。

To address this issue, the anti-correlation incentive program aims to discourage such correlated failures by imposing penalties on validators that engage in repeated misbehavior. This approach, Buterin argues, "could potentially undermine the intended effect of promoting genuine decentralization by incentivizing superficial compliance with the anti-correlation mechanisms rather than encouraging a broader distribution of validation power."

為了解決這個問題，反相關激勵計劃旨在透過對重複不當行為的驗證者進行懲罰來阻止此類相關失敗。 Buterin 認為，這種方法“可能會通過激勵表面上遵守反相關機製而不是鼓勵更廣泛的驗證權力分配來破壞促進真正去中心化的預期效果。”

Implementation of the Penalty Program

處罰方案的實施

The penalty program will impose escalating punishments on bad actors whose misbehavior is replicated. Similar to the existing slashing mechanism in Ethereum, these penalties will initially only be applied in severe attack scenarios. However, the new proposal seeks to expand the program's applicability to include routine operational activities.

懲罰計畫將對那些重複不當行為的不良行為者施加逐步升級的懲罰。與以太坊現有的削減機制類似，這些懲罰最初只會適用於嚴重的攻擊場景。然而，新提案旨在擴大該計劃的適用範圍，以包括日常業務活動。

Buterin emphasizes the importance of targeting large stakers, who may operate multiple validators on the same infrastructure and thus pose a greater risk of disproportionate correlated failures. By diluting the impact of correlated penalties through investments in diverse setups, these actors could potentially maintain their economies of scale while appearing decentralized.

Buterin 強調了針對大型利害關係人的重要性，他們可能在同一基礎設施上運行多個驗證器，從而帶來不成比例的相關失敗的更大風險。透過對不同設定的投資來稀釋相關處罰的影響，這些參與者可能會在看似分散的同時保持其規模經濟。

Balancing Decentralization and Efficiency

平衡權力下放和效率

Buterin acknowledges the need to strike a balance between operational efficiency and decentralization. The penalty mechanisms, he assures, will be tailored to target large validators while minimizing the impact on smaller participants. By combining the anti-correlation incentive program with other measures, Ethereum aims to enhance the network's overall resilience and decentralization without compromising operational efficiency.

Buterin 承認需要在營運效率和權力下放之間取得平衡。他保證，懲罰機制將針對大型驗證者進行定制，同時最大限度地減少對小型參與者的影響。透過將反相關激勵計畫與其他措施結合，以太坊旨在在不影響營運效率的情況下增強網路的整體彈性和去中心化性。

Conclusion

結論

Ethereum's anti-correlation incentive program represents a novel approach to addressing the challenges associated with decentralized staking. By incentivizing validators to avoid correlated failures, the proposal seeks to strengthen the network's security and promote a more equitable distribution of validation power. The implementation of this program marks a significant step in Ethereum's ongoing efforts to optimize its PoS consensus mechanism and enhance the overall robustness of the blockchain ecosystem.

以太坊的反相關激勵計畫代表了一種解決與去中心化質押相關挑戰的新穎方法。透過激勵驗證者避免相關故障，該提案旨在加強網路的安全性並促進驗證權力的更公平分配。該計劃的實施標誌著以太坊在優化 PoS 共識機制、增強區塊鏈生態系統整體穩健性方面邁出了重要一步。