標題：卓越，同事，媒體專家，聯合國副部長奧爾加·阿爾加耶羅娃（AD）

通過感謝芬蘭，歐安組織秘書處和IFIMES董事的主席，讓我分享華盛頓的一些想法[1]關於這個緊迫的話題：

Excellences, colleagues, media specialists, United Nation’s Undersecretary General Olga Algayerova (aD)

卓越，同事，媒體專家，聯合國副部長奧爾加·阿爾加耶羅娃（AD）

By thanking the Chairman-in-Office, Finland, OSCE Secretariat and IFIMES Director for this call, let me share few thoughts [1] from Washington on this pressing topic:

通過感謝芬蘭，歐安組織秘書處和IFIMES董事的主席，讓我分享華盛頓的一些想法[1]關於這個緊迫的話題：

There is a hubris and inappropriate self-confidence among mainstream media that their practices and approaches to media are sound, and new entrants are unsound. They purport to present fact-checked truths while pointing to new media as promulgators of disinformation, poor journalism, AI-assisted deep fakes, and propaganda.

主流媒體中有一個傲慢和不適當的自信心，他們對媒體的實踐和方法是合理的，而新的參賽者不健全。他們聲稱要提出事實檢查的真理，同時指出新媒體是虛假信息，新聞業差，AI-AI-Assistist的深層假貨和宣傳的頒布。

My ‘provocation’ for those of you today attending the OSCE’s conference, that dear friend Anis chars, on the state of journalism and media broadly is that progress in assuring a healthy, socially responsible media consistent with democratic norms cannot come from just clinging to past platforms and norms.

我對今天參加OSCE會議的那些人的“挑釁”，關於新聞和媒體狀況的親愛的朋友Anis Chars，這是確保與民主規範一致的健康，對社會負責的媒體的進步，不能僅僅來自於過去的平台和規範。

Let me offer some perspective on the fragmentation of media and what it means for society.

讓我對媒體的分裂及其對社會的意義提供一些觀點。

First, the fragmentation of media has been a multi-decade phenomena, driven not only by new digital tools and platforms but, particularly in the United States, by changes in law that previously guaranteed “fair use” of airwaves so that anything that gave air to one political party’s perspective required fair time for the other political party.

首先，媒體的分裂是一種多年的現象，不僅是由新的數字工具和平台所驅動的，而且尤其是在美國，由於以前保證的“合理使用”的法律變更，因此任何使一個政黨觀點的事物都需要公平的時間，需要公平的時間。

The Supreme Court and U.S. legislators gutted those provisions of fair use requirements long ago, and thus the harnessing of TV, Cable and Radio airwaves, and later blogs, and even leading newspapers and journals by political perspectives took hold.

最高法院和美國立法者很久以前就將那些公平使用要求的規定掩蓋了，因此利用了電視，有線電視和廣播電波，後來的博客，甚至是通過政治觀點的領先報紙和日記。

This has helped fuel the tribalization of perspectives and has driven the “filter bubble” phenomenon of individuals being surrounded and inundated by views that they want to have around them, rather than the generally objective, occasionally uncomfortable form of news that used to inform the body politic. Similar patterns seem clear in the rise of populist news platforms, blogs, and social media networks in Europe.

這有助於推動觀點的部落化，並驅動了人們想要在周圍擁有的觀點包圍和淹沒的個體的“過濾泡泡”現象，而不是通常客觀的，偶爾有時是不舒服的新聞形式，這些新聞被用來告知人體政治。在歐洲的民粹主義新聞平台，博客和社交媒體網絡的興起中，類似的模式似乎很清楚。

Second, the eruption of social media networks, video, and digital tools enhanced not only by artificial intelligence that has been around for some time, but by generative AI, that has created a strategic leap in the power content creators has changed the power relationship between news providers and news consumers.

其次，社交媒體網絡，視頻和數字工具的爆發不僅通過了已經存在一段時間的人工智能增強，而且通過生成的AI，它在Power Content創建者中創造了戰略性飛躍，這改變了新聞提供者與新聞消費者之間的權力關係。

Now many more players, many untutored in the skills and norms of journalism, have become content providers, and that content often seems like or mimics news.

現在，更多的參與者，許多人從事新聞業的技能和規範，已經成為內容提供商，並且內容通常看起來像是或模仿新聞。

I started a successful political blog, The Washington Note, in early 2004, and my target was the mainstream news media as I saw them largely as homogenized, lazy, often missing key stories – and thus my blog at the outset was designed to shame and blame major news media for their own inadequacies and to provide better news and service to my own readers.

我於2004年初創建了一個成功的政治博客《華盛頓筆記》，我的目標是主流新聞媒體，因為我在很大程度上看到了它們的同質化，懶惰，經常缺少關鍵故事 - 因此，一開始我的博客旨在羞辱和責怪主要的新聞媒體，因為他們自己不足，並為自己的讀者提​​供更好的新聞和服務。

Many blogs did this, and thus 20 years ago, the fragmentation of media, in my view, helped improve mainstream media which had to compete and re-establish itself as providers of quality news – a responsibility for which they had been lazy and inattentive.

我認為，許多博客都這樣做了，因此，20年前，媒體的分裂有助於改善主流媒體，這些媒體不得不競爭並重新建立自己作為優質新聞提供者，這是他們懶惰和不專心的責任。

However today, the challenges to mainstream media are more messy as the challengers do not necessarily fill the gaps left by a poorly performing mainstream media – they instead often create fake or ‘unreal’ media, deep fakes, memes, or engage in outright propaganda or perpetuate mistruths.

但是，如今，主流媒體面臨的挑戰更加凌亂，因為挑戰者不一定會填補表現不佳的主流媒體所留下的空白 - 而是經常創建假或“虛幻”媒體，深層假貨，模因或進行徹底的宣傳或徹底宣傳或永久化mistruths。

Not all new media do this, but there is no doubt that lots of new media are up for sale, up for political harnessing, up for attention and celebritization of their platforms and content.

並非所有的新媒體都這樣做，但是毫無疑問，許多新媒體都在出售，政治利用，以關注和慶祝其平台和內容。

So what to do? I feel that too many governments, think tanks, and public private foundations concerned with news quality have been clutching their pearls too much, lamenting the eroding quality of journalism and news rather than competing head to head with new content providers and low quality new media outlets.

那該怎麼辦？我覺得與新聞質量有關的政府，智囊團和公共基金會太多了，他們的珍珠太多了，感嘆了新聞和新聞的侵蝕質量，而不是競爭新的內容提供商和低質量的新媒體媒體。

It seems clear to me that for media to return to a healthier place and to become part of the solid social contract in democratic societies, they need to evolve.

我似乎很清楚，要使媒體返回一個更健康的地方並成為民主社會中穩固的社會契約的一部分，他們需要發展。

My belief is that the deep fake creations of some media are worrisome but only have impact on vulnerable societies if there is no competition with them. How are old media investing in new tools of story-telling?

我的信念是，某些媒體的深層偽造作品令人擔憂，但只有與脆弱的社會沒有競爭，只有對脆弱的社會產生影響。舊媒體如何投資於講故事的新工具？

How are they embracing a less centralized approach to who their story tellers might be?

他們如何擁抱一個不太集中的方法來對他們的故事講述者的身份？

How could they be promulgating and inculcating a younger generation of content makers with norms about sourcing, about real facts, about objectivity, about the importance of uncomfortable news and not just opinion-reaffirming news or perspectives?

他們如何頒布和灌輸年輕一代的內容製造商，以採購，真實事實，客觀性，關於令人不安的新聞的重要性，而不僅僅是輿論令人反感的新聞或觀點的重要性？

How are they experimenting with all of the new waves of technology coming online to make themselves the more attractive news and content option – thus stealing space and oxygen from those who are faking it and deceiving society.

他們如何嘗試在線上的所有新技術浪潮，以使自己成為更具吸引力的新聞和內容選項，從而從那些偽造它並欺騙社會的人那裡竊取了空間和氧氣。

My sense is that some states, Russia being just one, are taking advantage of this gap between old and new media – and they are exacerbating the negative impacts created by a lack of modernization and vision of traditional media platforms.

我的感覺是，有些州（俄羅斯只是一個州）正在利用新媒體和新媒體之間的差距 - 它們正在加劇由於缺乏現代化和傳統媒體平台的願景而造成的負面影響。

My sense is that for the old media to grow and compete, they need to be part of the

我的感覺是，要使舊媒體成長和競爭，他們需要成為