太陽升起

太陽能因其天然豐富、「無燃料」、運作時無碳排放等特點，正成為世界主要能源之一

As solar energy becomes increasingly integrated into the global energy landscape, several key trends and developments are shaping its future trajectory. Among them are the rising efficiency of solar panels, the decreasing costs of production, and the ongoing efforts to address the intermittency of solar power.

隨著太陽能日益融入全球能源格局，幾個關鍵趨勢和發展正在塑造其未來發展軌跡。其中包括太陽能電池板效率的提高、生產成本的降低以及解決太陽能間歇性問題的持續努力。

One promising avenue being explored to overcome the limitations of ground-based solar energy is the concept of orbital solar. This involves harnessing solar energy in Earth's orbit and transmitting it wirelessly to receivers on the ground. While the idea of space-based solar power (SBSP) has been around for decades, recent advancements in launch technologies and the increasing demand for renewable energy sources are making it more feasible than ever before.

軌道太陽能的概念是克服地面太陽能限制的一種有希望的途徑。這涉及利用地球軌道上的太陽能並將其無線傳輸到地面接收器。雖然天基太陽能（SBSP）的想法已經存在了幾十年，但發射技術的最新進步以及對再生能源不斷增長的需求使其比以往任何時候都更加可行。

The concept of orbital solar is relatively straightforward. Large solar arrays are deployed in space, where they can continuously collect sunlight,不受天气条件或昼夜变化的影响。然后将收集到的能量通过微波或激光束传输到地球上的接收器，再转换为电能。

The concept of orbital solar is relatively straightforward. Large solar arrays are deployed in space, where they can continuously collect sunlight,不受天氣條件或晝夜變化的影響。然後將收集到的能量透過微波或雷射光束傳輸到地球上的接收器，再轉換為電能。

One of the main advantages of orbital solar is its ability to provide a continuous and reliable supply of energy, regardless of the time of day or weather conditions. This addresses one of the key challenges of ground-based solar energy, which is intermittent and can only generate electricity during daylight hours.

軌道太陽能的主要優點之一是它能夠提供連續可靠的能源供應，無論一天中的時間或天氣條件如何。這解決了地面太陽能的主要挑戰之一，即間歇性且只能在白天發電。

Another potential benefit of orbital solar is the higher efficiency of solar panels in space. Due to the absence of an atmosphere and the lower temperatures in orbit, solar panels can operate at optimal levels without being affected by factors such as dust, clouds, or pollution.

軌道太陽能的另一個潛在好處是太空中太陽能板的效率更高。由於軌道上沒有大氣層且溫度較低，太陽能電池板可以在最佳水平下運行，而不會受到灰塵、雲或污染等因素的影響。

However, there are also several technical and economic challenges that need to be overcome for orbital solar to become a viable commercial technology. One of the biggest hurdles is the high cost of launching and deploying the massive solar arrays and transmission equipment into space.

然而，軌道太陽能要成為可行的商業技術，還需要克服一些技術和經濟挑戰。最大的障礙之一是向太空發射和部署大型太陽能電池陣列和傳輸設備的成本高昂。

Another challenge lies in the efficient and safe transmission of large amounts of energy wirelessly over long distances. The technology for beaming energy from space to Earth is still under development and needs to be proven to be reliable and cost-effective.

另一個挑戰在於如何有效率、安全地長距離無線傳輸大量能量。從太空向地球發射能量的技術仍在開發中，需要證明其可靠性和成本效益。

Despite these challenges, several companies and research institutions are actively pursuing the development of orbital solar technologies. Among them are:

儘管有這些挑戰，一些公司和研究機構仍在積極開發軌道太陽能技術。其中包括：

1. Solaren (formerly known as Space Solar Power Project): Solaren is a joint venture between Airbus and ArianeGroup that aims to develop and demonstrate a commercial-scale SBSP system by 2035. The company is planning to launch a pilot plant into orbit by 2028 to test the key technologies involved.

1. Solaren（原名太空太陽能發電計畫）：Solaren是空中巴士公司和阿麗亞娜集團的合資企業，旨在到2035年開發和展示商業規模的SBSP系統。發射到軌道來測試所涉及的關鍵技術。

2. Space Energy Initiative (SEI): SEI is a non-profit organization founded by scientists and engineers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Caltech. The organization is working on developing and promoting SBSP technologies, with a focus on low-cost and scalable solutions.

2.太空能源倡議（SEI）：SEI是由麻省理工學院（MIT）和加州理工學院的科學家和工程師創立的非營利組織。該組織致力於開發和推廣 SBSP 技術，並專注於低成本和可擴展的解決方案。

3. Emrod Space (formerly known as Laser Light Power): Emrod Space is a startup company that is developing a laser-based SBSP system. The company's approach involves using high-efficiency solar panels in space to generate electricity, which is then converted into a laser beam and transmitted to a receiver on Earth.

3. Emrod Space（以前稱為Laser Light Power）：Emrod Space是一家新創公司，正在開發基於雷射的SBSP系統。該公司的方法包括在太空中使用高效能太陽能電池板發電，然後將其轉換為雷射光束並傳輸到地球上的接收器。

The development of orbital solar technologies is also gaining attention from government agencies and international organizations. In 2023, the European Space Agency (ESA) announced a new program to study and develop SBSP technologies, with the aim of demonstrating a small-scale pilot plant in orbit by 2030.

軌道太陽能技術的發展也引起了政府機構和國際組織的關注。 2023年，歐洲太空總署（ESA）宣布了一項研究和開發SBSP技術的新計劃，目標是到2030年在軌道上展示一個小型試點工廠。

Meanwhile, the International Energy Agency (IEA) has included SBSP among the key technologies that could contribute to achieving net-zero emissions by 2050. The IEA notes that SBSP has the potential to provide a large-scale, continuous, and renewable source of energy, but further research and development are needed to make it commercially viable.

同時，國際能源總署 (IEA) 將 SBSP 列為有助於 2050 年實現淨零排放的關鍵技術之一。的研究和開發才能使其具有商業可行性。

As the world continues to transition towards renewable energy sources and technologies, orbital solar is emerging as a promising concept that could potentially address some of the limitations of ground-based solar energy. However, significant technological and economic challenges need to be overcome before orbital solar can become a mainstream energy solution.

隨著世界繼續向再生能源和技術過渡，軌道太陽能正在成為一個有前景的概念，有可能解決地面太陽能的一些限制。然而，在軌道太陽能成為主流能源解決方案之前，還需要克服重大的技術和經濟挑戰。