Shwap 升級：將數據可用性網路擴展 12 倍

Celestia 是一個建立模組化區塊鏈網路的加密項目，已宣布完成其首次升級 Shwap 升級。此次升級帶來了一組新功能，使資料可用性 (DA) 網路採樣速度比以前快 12 倍。

Celestia, a modular blockchain network builder, has completed its first upgrade, dubbed "The Shwap Upgrade." The upgrade introduces a new set of features designed to make data availability (DA) network sampling 12 times faster than before.

Celestia 是一個模組化區塊鏈網路建構器，已完成其首次升級，稱為「Shwap 升級」。此次升級引入了一組新功能，旨在使資料可用性 (DA) 網路採樣速度比以前快 12 倍。

The update is now live on the Arabica and Mocha testnets using celestial-node v0.18.12. Shwap enables smaller nodes and leather blocks by reducing storage requirements by sixteen times, advancing towards the main goal of the Celestia community roadmap: scaling to 1 GB blocks.

更新現已在使用 celestial-node v0.18.12 的阿拉比卡和摩卡測試網路上發布。 Shwap 透過將儲存需求減少十六倍來實現更小的節點和皮革塊，朝著 Celestia 社區路線圖的主要目標前進：擴展到 1 GB 區塊。

Celestia Improvement Proposal (CIP)-19 defines Shwap as a new messaging protocol and storage system for the DA network. Shwap minimizes the need for light nodes while enabling massive scaling of the DA throughput. This accelerates existing crypto applications and makes new applications easily accessible.

Celestia 改進提案 (CIP)-19 將 Shwap 定義為 DA 網路的新訊息傳遞協定和儲存系統。 Shwap 最大限度地減少了對輕節點的需求，同時實現了 DA 吞吐量的大規模擴展。這加速了現有的加密應用程式並使新應用程式易於存取。

Lower-prerequisite applications allow anyone to run a light node in a browser or wallet, enabling fully verifiable web apps. After further testing, Shwap is expected to drop its Mainnet Beta sometime in November.

較低先決條件的應用程式允許任何人在瀏覽器或錢包中運行輕節點，從而實現完全可驗證的網路應用程式。經過進一步測試後，Shwap 預計將在 11 月的某個時間點放棄其主網測試版。

Inside the DA Network

DA 網路內部

The DA Network currently operates on two primary protocols. The first handles circulating chain headers and utilizes a go-header system, while the second manages block data, which is organized into a data square of small shares or samples.

DA 網路目前運行在兩個主要協定上。第一個處理循環鏈標頭並利用 go-header 系統，而第二個管理區塊數據，該數據被組織成小份額或樣本的數據方塊。

Light nodes are tasked with sampling these shares, and the current protocol, inherited from the Devnet-era IPLG system, centers on this sampling strategy. While functional, this protocol presents several challenges to scaling, especially to accommodate one-gigabyte blocks.

輕節點的任務是對這些份額進行採樣，而當前的協定繼承自 Devnet 時代的 IPLG 系統，以這種採樣策略為中心。雖然該協定有效，但它對擴展提出了一些挑戰，特別是適應 1 GB 的區塊。

Challenges:

挑戰：

A common problem in blockchain engineering is hash addressability, which is the ability to identify and locate data stored as hashes across the nodes in a blockchain network. Hash addressability has some inherent benefits, such as no duplicates and greater flexibility.

區塊鏈工程中一個常見的問題是哈希可尋址性，即識別和定位區塊鏈網路中節點上以哈希形式儲存的資料的能力。哈希可尋址性具有一些固有的好處，例如無重複和更大的靈活性。

For example, one can store the hashes of hash-based data structures (like data square storage). When light nodes perform verifications, they download the partial data and Merkle proof of each partial data by fetching each node individually.

例如，可以儲存基於雜湊的資料結構的雜湊（如資料方儲存）。當輕節點進行驗證時，它們透過單獨獲取每個節點來下載部分資料以及每個部分資料的 Merkle 證明。

With a 528×528 data square, the four-step process becomes a bottleneck. A full node has the global index of the Merkle tree, making the process slower. Thus, hash addressability pointed to two major issues: storing Merkle proofs rather than recalculating them on the fly and relying on a slower data access pattern (O(log2n)) when O1 can be used to efficiently access large data volumes.

對於 528×528 的資料方塊，四步驟過程成為瓶頸。完整節點具有 Merkle 樹的全域索引，使得過程更慢。因此，雜湊可尋址性指出了兩個主要問題：儲存 Merkle 證明而不是動態重新計算它們，以及當 O1 可用於有效存取大量資料時依賴較慢的資料存取模式 (O(log2n))。

Enter Shwap:

輸入交換：

The Shwap upgrade, deriving its name from the terms "share" and "swap," addresses the scalability challenges faced by the DA network by revamping how data is stored and accessed within the protocol.

Shwap 升級的名稱源自於術語“共享”和“交換”，透過改進協議中資料的儲存和存取方式來解決 DA 網路面臨的可擴展性挑戰。

Moreover, in Shwap, the previous, inefficient, experimental version of block reconstruction is also swapped out in favor of a more production-ready version in the upcoming upgrade. In pre-Shwap, the set time for 2 MB was 2 seconds; however, in post-Shwap, the set time for 2 MB is reduced to 10 milliseconds.

此外，在 Shwap 中，先前的低效實驗版本的區塊重建也被替換為即將到來的升級中更適合生產的版本。在Shwap之前，2MB的設定時間是2秒；然而，在Shwap之後，2MB的設定時間減少到10毫秒。