Shwap 升级：将数据可用性网络扩展 12 倍

Celestia 是一个构建模块化区块链网络的加密项目，已宣布完成其首次升级 Shwap 升级。此次升级带来了一组新功能，使数据可用性 (DA) 网络采样速度比以前快 12 倍。

Celestia, a modular blockchain network builder, has completed its first upgrade, dubbed "The Shwap Upgrade." The upgrade introduces a new set of features designed to make data availability (DA) network sampling 12 times faster than before.

Celestia 是一个模块化区块链网络构建器，已完成其首次升级，称为“Shwap 升级”。此次升级引入了一组新功能，旨在使数据可用性 (DA) 网络采样速度比以前快 12 倍。

The update is now live on the Arabica and Mocha testnets using celestial-node v0.18.12. Shwap enables smaller nodes and leather blocks by reducing storage requirements by sixteen times, advancing towards the main goal of the Celestia community roadmap: scaling to 1 GB blocks.

该更新现已在使用 celestial-node v0.18.12 的阿拉比卡和摩卡测试网上发布。 Shwap 通过将存储需求减少十六倍来实现更小的节点和皮革块，朝着 Celestia 社区路线图的主要目标前进：扩展到 1 GB 块。

Celestia Improvement Proposal (CIP)-19 defines Shwap as a new messaging protocol and storage system for the DA network. Shwap minimizes the need for light nodes while enabling massive scaling of the DA throughput. This accelerates existing crypto applications and makes new applications easily accessible.

Celestia 改进提案 (CIP)-19 将 Shwap 定义为 DA 网络的新消息传递协议和存储系统。 Shwap 最大限度地减少了对轻节点的需求，同时实现了 DA 吞吐量的大规模扩展。这加速了现有的加密应用程序并使新应用程序易于访问。

Lower-prerequisite applications allow anyone to run a light node in a browser or wallet, enabling fully verifiable web apps. After further testing, Shwap is expected to drop its Mainnet Beta sometime in November.

较低先决条件的应用程序允许任何人在浏览器或钱包中运行轻节点，从而实现完全可验证的网络应用程序。经过进一步测试后，Shwap 预计将在 11 月的某个时候放弃其主网测试版。

Inside the DA Network

DA 网络内部

The DA Network currently operates on two primary protocols. The first handles circulating chain headers and utilizes a go-header system, while the second manages block data, which is organized into a data square of small shares or samples.

DA 网络目前运行在两个主要协议上。第一个处理循环链标头并利用 go-header 系统，而第二个管理区块数据，该数据被组织成小份额或样本的数据方块。

Light nodes are tasked with sampling these shares, and the current protocol, inherited from the Devnet-era IPLG system, centers on this sampling strategy. While functional, this protocol presents several challenges to scaling, especially to accommodate one-gigabyte blocks.

轻节点的任务是对这些份额进行采样，而当前的协议继承自 Devnet 时代的 IPLG 系统，以这种采样策略为中心。虽然该协议有效，但它对扩展提出了一些挑战，特别是在容纳 1 GB 块时。

Challenges:

挑战：

A common problem in blockchain engineering is hash addressability, which is the ability to identify and locate data stored as hashes across the nodes in a blockchain network. Hash addressability has some inherent benefits, such as no duplicates and greater flexibility.

区块链工程中的一个常见问题是哈希可寻址性，即识别和定位区块链网络中节点上以哈希形式存储的数据的能力。哈希可寻址性具有一些固有的好处，例如无重复和更大的灵活性。

For example, one can store the hashes of hash-based data structures (like data square storage). When light nodes perform verifications, they download the partial data and Merkle proof of each partial data by fetching each node individually.

例如，可以存储基于散列的数据结构的散列（如数据方存储）。当轻节点进行验证时，它们通过单独获取每个节点来下载部分数据以及每个部分数据的 Merkle 证明。

With a 528×528 data square, the four-step process becomes a bottleneck. A full node has the global index of the Merkle tree, making the process slower. Thus, hash addressability pointed to two major issues: storing Merkle proofs rather than recalculating them on the fly and relying on a slower data access pattern (O(log2n)) when O1 can be used to efficiently access large data volumes.

对于 528×528 的数据方块，四步过程成为瓶颈。全节点具有 Merkle 树的全局索引，使得过程变慢。因此，哈希可寻址性指出了两个主要问题：存储 Merkle 证明而不是动态重新计算它们，以及当 O1 可用于有效访问大量数据时依赖较慢的数据访问模式 (O(log2n))。

Enter Shwap:

输入交换：

The Shwap upgrade, deriving its name from the terms "share" and "swap," addresses the scalability challenges faced by the DA network by revamping how data is stored and accessed within the protocol.

Shwap 升级的名称源自术语“共享”和“交换”，通过改进协议中数据的存储和访问方式来解决 DA 网络面临的可扩展性挑战。

Moreover, in Shwap, the previous, inefficient, experimental version of block reconstruction is also swapped out in favor of a more production-ready version in the upcoming upgrade. In pre-Shwap, the set time for 2 MB was 2 seconds; however, in post-Shwap, the set time for 2 MB is reduced to 10 milliseconds.

此外，在 Shwap 中，之前的低效实验版本的块重建也被替换为在即将到来的升级中更适合生产的版本。在Shwap之前，2MB的设定时间是2秒；然而，在Shwap之后，2MB的设定时间减少到10毫秒。