俄羅斯加密法生效，引發能源和監管變革

俄羅斯全面的加密貨幣挖礦法規於 11 月 1 日生效，透過嚴格的能源上限、強制註冊和嚴格的監管來改變該行業。

Russia’s sweeping crypto mining regulations took effect Nov. 1, transforming the industry with strict energy caps, mandatory registration, and stringent oversight.

俄羅斯全面的加密貨幣挖礦法規於 11 月 1 日生效，透過嚴格的能源上限、強制註冊和嚴格的監管來改變該行業。

Russia’s Crypto Law Takes Effect, Sparking Changes in Energy and Oversight

俄羅斯加密法生效，引發能源和監管變革

On Nov. 1, the Russian government introduced a regulatory framework for cryptocurrency mining, marking the implementation of a law signed by President Vladimir Putin in August and published shortly before these rules took effect.

11 月 1 日，俄羅斯政府推出了加密貨幣挖礦監管框架，標誌著總統弗拉基米爾·普丁 (Vladimir Putin) 在 8 月簽署並在這些規則生效前不久發布的法律得到實施。

The law formally defines mining as a legal activity in Russia, laying out security and operational requirements for miners and creating a structure for trading digital financial assets on specially approved platforms. This framework aims to bring clarity and oversight to Russia’s growing cryptocurrency sector amid rising energy demands and concerns over illicit mining activities.

該法律正式將採礦定義為俄羅斯的合法活動，規定了礦工的安全和操作要求，並創建了在特別批准的平台上交易數位金融資產的結構。該框架旨在在能源需求不斷增長和對非法採礦活動的擔憂的情況下，為俄羅斯不斷增長的加密貨幣行業帶來透明度和監督。

According to the new regulations, only registered organizations and individual entrepreneurs may engage in cryptocurrency mining legally. However, individual Russians who are not officially registered as entrepreneurs can also mine but are restricted to a monthly electricity consumption limit of 6,000 kWh. Should they exceed this cap, they would need to register as entrepreneurs to continue their mining activities. This approach ensures that smaller, personal mining operations remain permissible while imposing more stringent requirements on larger, potentially commercial operations.

根據新規定，只有註冊的組織和個體企業家才能合法從事加密貨幣挖礦活動。然而，未正式註冊為企業家的俄羅斯個人也可以挖礦，但每月用電量限制為 6,000 千瓦時。如果超過此上限，他們將需要註冊為企業家才能繼續進行採礦活動。這種方法確保小型個人採礦作業仍然被允許，同時對大型潛在商業作業提出更嚴格的要求。

The regulations also establish detailed reporting obligations for miners, requiring them to disclose the total amount of digital currency mined and provide an address identifier for each transaction to the Federal Tax Service (FTS). This information will only be accessible to law enforcement agencies, ensuring a measure of privacy while enabling oversight. Furthermore, miners must ensure their operations meet standards for reliability, security, and power stability, mitigating risks to local power grids.

該法規還規定了礦工的詳細報告義務，要求他們揭露開採的數位貨幣總量，並向聯邦稅務局（FTS）提供每筆交易的地址識別碼。這些資訊只有執法機構才能訪問，確保一定程度的隱私，同時進行監督。此外，礦工必須確保其營運符合可靠性、安全性和電力穩定性標準，從而減輕當地電網的風險。

To enhance transparency, the government will maintain a registry of miners and operators of mining infrastructure. This information will be accessible to government agencies, the Bank of Russia, and regional power authorities. The government may impose mining restrictions in regions vulnerable to power shortages, with restrictions determined by the Commission for Electric Power Development based on input from the Ministry of Energy or local authorities. This week, Russian Deputy Energy Minister Yevgeny Grabchak revealed plans to ban cryptocurrency mining in certain Russian regions facing power shortages, including the Far East, southwestern Siberia, and the South. Speaking at the RBC Tech forum in Moscow, he emphasized that these areas cannot support high energy demands for mining through 2030.

為了提高透明度，政府將維護礦工和採礦基礎設施營運商的登記冊。政府機構、俄羅斯銀行和地區電力當局將可以獲得這些資訊。政府可能會在電力短缺的地區實施採礦限制，限制措施由電力發展委員會根據能源部或地方當局的意見決定。本週，俄羅斯能源副部長葉夫根尼·格拉布恰克 (Yevgeny Grabchak) 透露，計劃禁止在俄羅斯某些面臨電力短缺的地區（包括遠東、西伯利亞西南部和南部）開採加密貨幣。他在莫斯科舉行的加拿大皇家銀行科技論壇上發表演說時強調，到 2030 年，這些地區無法滿足採礦業的高能源需求。