俄罗斯加密法生效，引发能源和监管变革

俄罗斯全面的加密货币挖矿法规于 11 月 1 日生效，通过严格的能源上限、强制注册和严格的监管来改变该行业。

Russia’s sweeping crypto mining regulations took effect Nov. 1, transforming the industry with strict energy caps, mandatory registration, and stringent oversight.

俄罗斯全面的加密货币挖矿法规于 11 月 1 日生效，通过严格的能源上限、强制注册和严格的监管来改变该行业。

Russia’s Crypto Law Takes Effect, Sparking Changes in Energy and Oversight

俄罗斯加密法生效，引发能源和监管变革

On Nov. 1, the Russian government introduced a regulatory framework for cryptocurrency mining, marking the implementation of a law signed by President Vladimir Putin in August and published shortly before these rules took effect.

11 月 1 日，俄罗斯政府推出了加密货币挖矿监管框架，标志着总统弗拉基米尔·普京 (Vladimir Putin) 在 8 月签署并在这些规则生效前不久发布的法律得到实施。

The law formally defines mining as a legal activity in Russia, laying out security and operational requirements for miners and creating a structure for trading digital financial assets on specially approved platforms. This framework aims to bring clarity and oversight to Russia’s growing cryptocurrency sector amid rising energy demands and concerns over illicit mining activities.

该法律正式将采矿定义为俄罗斯的合法活动，规定了矿工的安全和操作要求，并创建了在特别批准的平台上交易数字金融资产的结构。该框架旨在在能源需求不断增长和对非法采矿活动的担忧的情况下，为俄罗斯不断增长的加密货币行业带来透明度和监督。

According to the new regulations, only registered organizations and individual entrepreneurs may engage in cryptocurrency mining legally. However, individual Russians who are not officially registered as entrepreneurs can also mine but are restricted to a monthly electricity consumption limit of 6,000 kWh. Should they exceed this cap, they would need to register as entrepreneurs to continue their mining activities. This approach ensures that smaller, personal mining operations remain permissible while imposing more stringent requirements on larger, potentially commercial operations.

根据新规定，只有注册的组织和个体企业家才能合法从事加密货币挖矿活动。然而，未正式注册为企业家的俄罗斯个人也可以挖矿，但每月用电量限制为 6,000 千瓦时。如果超过此上限，他们将需要注册为企业家才能继续进行采矿活动。这种方法确保小型个人采矿作业仍然被允许，同时对大型潜在商业作业提出更严格的要求。

The regulations also establish detailed reporting obligations for miners, requiring them to disclose the total amount of digital currency mined and provide an address identifier for each transaction to the Federal Tax Service (FTS). This information will only be accessible to law enforcement agencies, ensuring a measure of privacy while enabling oversight. Furthermore, miners must ensure their operations meet standards for reliability, security, and power stability, mitigating risks to local power grids.

该法规还规定了矿工的详细报告义务，要求他们披露开采的数字货币总量，并向联邦税务局（FTS）提供每笔交易的地址标识符。这些信息只有执法机构才能访问，确保一定程度的隐私，同时进行监督。此外，矿工必须确保其运营符合可靠性、安全性和电力稳定性标准，从而减轻当地电网的风险。

To enhance transparency, the government will maintain a registry of miners and operators of mining infrastructure. This information will be accessible to government agencies, the Bank of Russia, and regional power authorities. The government may impose mining restrictions in regions vulnerable to power shortages, with restrictions determined by the Commission for Electric Power Development based on input from the Ministry of Energy or local authorities. This week, Russian Deputy Energy Minister Yevgeny Grabchak revealed plans to ban cryptocurrency mining in certain Russian regions facing power shortages, including the Far East, southwestern Siberia, and the South. Speaking at the RBC Tech forum in Moscow, he emphasized that these areas cannot support high energy demands for mining through 2030.

为了提高透明度，政府将维护矿工和采矿基础设施运营商的登记册。政府机构、俄罗斯银行和地区电力当局将可以获取这些信息。政府可能会在电力短缺的地区实施采矿限制，限制措施由电力发展委员会根据能源部或地方当局的意见确定。本周，俄罗斯能源副部长叶夫根尼·格拉布恰克 (Yevgeny Grabchak) 透露，计划禁止在俄罗斯某些面临电力短缺的地区（包括远东、西伯利亚西南部和南部）开采加密货币。他在莫斯科举行的加拿大皇家银行科技论坛上发表讲话时强调，到 2030 年，这些地区无法满足采矿业的高能源需求。