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本月早些時候,尼日利亞聯邦政府對四名尼日利亞加密貨幣交易員——Ejiogu A. Chinedu、Nnamdi F. Okereke 提起刑事訴訟
The Federal Government of Nigeria has filed a criminal lawsuit against four Nigerian crypto traders and some firms for conducting business, including USDT and Naira trades, effectively as financial institutions without a valid banking license.
尼日利亞聯邦政府已對四名尼日利亞加密貨幣交易商和一些公司提起刑事訴訟,因為它們實際上作為沒有有效銀行執照的金融機構開展業務,包括 USDT 和奈拉交易。
According to the court filings, which Nairametrics exclusively obtained and reported, the government alleges that the charged defendants, through their business transactions, violated the Banks and Other Financial Institutions Act of 2020. The government is seeking the Federal High Court in Abuja, the nation’s capital, to dispense the appropriate punishment.
根據 Nairametrics 獨家獲得和報道的法庭文件,政府聲稱被指控的被告通過其商業交易違反了 2020 年《銀行和其他金融機構法》。 。
This court case follows the investigation by the Nigerian Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) into alleged activities via several bank accounts of individuals using digital assets exchanges to manipulate the Naira’s value and launder proceeds from these activities.
尼日利亞經濟和金融犯罪委員會 (EFCC) 對涉嫌透過多個銀行帳戶進行的活動進行調查,利用數位資產交易所操縱奈拉的價值並洗錢這些活動的收益。
The EFCC filed a motion to freeze the identified accounts pending the conclusion of their investigation. The court later granted an interim order that saw over 1,00 accounts listed in the commission’s motion on April 24 frozen for over ninety days. These accounts held over N548.6 million, or roughly over $330,000 as of writing.
EFCC 提出動議,凍結已確定的帳戶,等待調查結束。法院後來頒布了一項臨時命令,將委員會 4 月 24 日動議中列出的 100 多個帳戶凍結了 90 多天。截至撰寫本文時,這些帳戶持有超過 5.486 億奈拉,約 33 萬美元。
The charged parties were able to get their request to lift several freezing orders granted by the court. However, that was short-lived, as the commission filed a new motion to freeze these accounts until the conclusion of their investigation, which the court granted on September 4, after they had also separately filed criminal charges against the alleged operators of the accounts in question.
被指控方得以要求解除法院授予的幾項凍結令。然而,這種情況是短暫的,因為委員會提出了一項新的動議,凍結這些帳戶直至調查結束,法院於9 月4 日批准了這項動議,此前他們還分別對涉嫌帳戶操作者提出了刑事指控。
In the case filed by the Nigerian government, the prosecution stated that the defendants, the crypto traders, engaged in their business activities without being authorized dealers in Nigeria’s Autonomous Foreign Exchange Market (AFEM) where they allegedly publicly negotiated USDT to Naira rates, thereby being in breach of Section 29(1)(c) of the Foreign Exchange (Monitoring and Miscellaneous Provisions) Act, which criminalizes any foreign exchange negotiation not permitted by the law.
在奈及利亞政府提起的案件中,檢方表示,被告加密貨幣交易商在未經奈及利亞自治外匯市場(AFEM)授權交易商的情況下從事商業活動,據稱他們在該市場公開協商USDT 與奈拉的匯率,因而被違反《外匯(監控和雜項規定)法》第 29(1)(c) 條,該法將任何法律不允許的外匯談判定為刑事犯罪。
Additionally, according to filings from the government in June and July, the defendants stand accused by the Nigerian government of engaging in business activities without a valid license all the way back from 2021 to January 2024.
此外,根據政府 6 月和 7 月提交的文件,奈及利亞政府指控被告自 2021 年至 2024 年 1 月一直在沒有有效許可證的情況下從事商業活動。
Nevertheless, this is an ongoing court case, with legal teams from both sides making their case, accordingly. It remains unclear what the duration of this case will be, but we can expect it to go on for quite a while before the High Court makes a final decision.
儘管如此,這是一個正在進行的法庭案件,雙方的法律團隊都會相應地進行辯護。目前尚不清楚此案將持續多久,但我們預計在高等法院做出最終裁決之前,該案將持續相當長一段時間。
The Nigerian government’s lawsuit could set a chilling precedent for those providing P2P OTC services to be considered requiring a banking license to facilitate USDT and Naira trades or be deemed engaging in illicit activities with the judgment of this case—should the defendants be found guilty—serving as the base penalty.
尼日利亞政府的訴訟可能會開創一個令人不寒而慄的先例,那些提供P2P OTC 服務的人將被考慮需要銀行牌照才能促進USDT 和奈拉交易,否則根據本案的判決,如果被告被判有罪,將被視為從事非法活動。
Further, with Nigeria ranking as one of the top adopters and users of both USDT and Bitcoin according to data from Chainalysis, it’ll no doubt further exacerbate the operating climate for digital assets businesses.
此外,根據 Chainaanalysis 的數據,尼日利亞是 USDT 和比特幣的最大採用者和用戶之一,這無疑將進一步惡化數位資產業務的營運環境。
These developments are no surprise for those following the regulatory landscape in Nigeria. On the one hand, the Nigerian government is attempting to balance doing all it can to defend the Naira as it continues to plunge against the US Dollar and protect consumers and investors, and on the other hand trying to create an enabling environment for the digital assets space to thrive.
對於那些關注尼日利亞監管環境的人來說,這些發展並不令人意外。一方面,尼日利亞政府試圖在奈拉兌美元持續貶值的情況下竭盡全力捍衛奈拉和保護消費者和投資者之間的平衡,另一方面試圖為數位資產創造有利的環境蓬勃發展的空間。
However, until and unless there is a distinction between Bitcoin and the more wider space, we are likely to see more of these sorts of developments unfold.
然而,除非比特幣和更廣闊的空間之間存在區別,否則我們可能會看到更多此類發展。
We will have to wait and see how this lawsuit and other developments in the regulatory environment progress. Suffice it to say, it is not all doom and gloom. Now is the time for relevant stakeholders to constructively engage regulators to come to a more favorable position for all parties, government inclusive.
我們將不得不等待,看看這起訴訟以及監管環境中的其他進展如何進展。可以說,這並不全是厄運和陰鬱。現在是相關利害關係人與監管機構進行建設性接觸的時候了,以便為包括政府在內的各方取得更有利的立場。
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