本地匯總解釋了：深入研究新的縮放範式

突然之間，以太坊生態系統中的每個人都在談論本地捲

All of a sudden, it seems that everybody in the Ethereum ecosystem is talking about native rollups, with Ethereum Foundation researcher Justin Drake saying that everyone he’s spoken to about the proposal has been immediately supportive.

突然之間，以太坊生態系統中的每個人都在談論當地捲，以太坊基金會的研究員賈斯汀·德雷克（Justin Drake）說，與他談論該提案的每個人都立即得到支持。

Optimism, Base, and half a dozen other L2s have expressed a desire to incorporate the tech into their platforms — and some also want to become “based rollups” for good measure.

樂觀，基礎和其他六個L2表示希望將這些技術納入其平台 - 有些人也希望成為“基於滾動”的良好措施。

But with Drake’s January post on EthResearch aimed at a technical audience and most other explainers using the arcane terminology of blockchain devs, many ordinary Ethereum supporters may be left with little idea what native rollups are or how they work.

但是，隨著德雷克（Drake）在一月份的《中央研究》（Etherresearch）的一月份帖子以技術受眾和大多數使用區塊鏈開發區的奧術術語為目的，因此許多普通的以太坊支持者可能幾乎不知道什麼是本地滾動或它們的工作方式。

So, we’ve roped in experts from the 2077 Collective and the Ethereum Foundation to help explain it in plain English.

因此，我們已經參與了2077年集體和以太坊基金會的專家，以用簡單的英語來解釋它。

What is a native rollup?

什麼是本地捲？

The TLDR is that native rollups make L2s as secure and trustless as Ethereum itself by getting the base layer to take care of all the stuff that currently requires a complicated and difficult Zero Knowledge (ZK), or fraud, proof system on every L2.

TLDR是，本機匯總使L2通過讓基本層照顧所有當前需要復雜且困難的零知識（ZK）或欺詐系統的所有內容，使L2s與以太坊本身一樣安全，無信任。

From a user’s perspective, you could feel as safe and secure keeping your $10 million in life savings on a native rollup as you would storing it on Ethereum itself.

從用戶的角度來看，您可能會感到像在以太坊本身上存儲的本地匯總一樣，保持1000萬美元的壽命儲蓄。

“Native rollups seem like a no-brainer for rollups. They are so much simpler and much more secure,” explains Ethereum Foundation researcher Ladislaus.

以太坊基金會的研究員Ladislaus解釋說：“本地滾動似乎很容易滾動。它們更簡單，更安全。”

“They can inherit L1 security with just a few lines of code by calling the precompile in the future.”

“他們可以通過在將來調用預編譯來繼承L1安全性。”

“Precompile” refers to a special type of contract hardcoded into the Ethereum protocol that extends the Ethereum Virtual Machine’s (EVM’s) capabilities. Drake’s proposal is for “an elegant and powerful execute precompile” that turns the native rollups into “programmable execution shards.”

“預編譯”是指擴展以太坊虛擬機（EVM）功能的以太坊協議中的一種特殊類型的合同。 Drake的建議是“優雅而強大的執行預編譯”，該建議將本機匯總變成“可編程執行碎片”。

So you can think of it as sort of a reboot of the old Eth 2.0 sharding plan.

因此，您可以將其視為重新啟動舊的ETH 2.0碎片計劃。

How do native rollups work?

本地匯總如何工作？

Basically, they’re an overhaul of the way proofs work on L2s. These are little cryptographical snapshots that record the state of who owns what on the rollups that are periodically written to Ethereum. By recording the state of L2s on the Ethereum blockchain, rollups benefit from Ethereum’s massive decentralized network, and users are able to permissionlessly withdraw their funds from rollups if required and force through transactions censored by the sequencer.

基本上，它們是證明在L2上工作的方式的大修。這些是幾乎沒有密碼的快照，它們記錄了誰擁有定期寫入以太坊的匯總的狀態。通過在以太坊區塊鏈上記錄L2的狀態，匯總受益於以太坊的大規模分散網絡，如果需要，用戶可以無權從匯總中撤回其資金，並通過測序儀對交易進行迫使。

At present, Ethereum Virtual Machine-compatible optimistic rollups essentially just assume everything that happened was correct (hence the name) and write that to Ethereum. Then there’s a seven-day period during which a few select actors can challenge anything dodgy with a “fraud proof” before assets can be withdrawn to Ethereum.

目前，以太坊虛擬機器兼容的樂觀匯總本質上只是假設發生的一切都是正確的（因此名稱），並將其寫入以太坊。然後有一個七天的時期，在此期間，一些精選的演員可以在資產被撤回以太坊之前以“證明欺詐”的方式挑戰任何狡猾的事情。

EVM-compatible ZK-rollups like Linea, however, use cryptographic proofs that show beyond a shadow of a doubt that the relevant computation was performed on the rollup, which allows for much faster withdrawals to the L1.

但是，使用EVM兼容的ZK滾動，例如Linea，使用加密證明，這表明相關計算是在匯總上執行的，這使得可以更快地提款到L1。

Also read: Pectra hard fork explained — Will it get Ethereum back on track?

另請閱讀：Pectra Hard Fork解釋說 - 它會使以太坊重回正軌嗎？

The native rollup proposal would mean the L2s would not need to establish the same sorts of elaborate proof systems and security councils as they do now. Instead, they provide the Ethereum base layer with a list of transactions called a “trace.”

本地捲盤提案將意味著L2S不需要建立與現在相同的詳盡的證明系統和安全委員會。相反，它們為以太坊基礎層提供了稱為“跟踪”的交易列表。

The execute precompile then uses Ethereum’s execution engine to re-execute the computation and verify the state transitions, which is just a fancy way of saying that it makes sure that whatever just happened on the rollup was correct.

然後，執行預編譯然後使用以太坊的執行引擎重新執行計算並驗證狀態轉換，這只是一種奇特的說法，即確保滾動中剛剛發生的任何事情都是正確的。

Later versions will see ZK-proofs incorporated, which is when native rollups will shine.

以後的版本將看到ZK-Profore Incorporated，這是本機捲卷會發光的時候。

What are the benefits of native rollups?

本地匯總有什麼好處？

The major benefits are that the rollups won’t need to build difficult and complex proof systems or rely on security councils or multisigs, allowing a small trusted group to step in when things go wrong or if the proofs are buggy.

主要的好處是，匯總不需要建立困難且複雜的證明系統或依靠安全委員會或Multisigs，從而使一個值得信賴的小組在出現問題或證明是有貨物時介入的。

“Native rollups don’t risk being drained due to a problem with the proof system and can safely get rid of security councils, improving their decentralization,” says Alex Hook, a researcher at 2077 and Untronfi CEO.

2077年2077年研究人員兼UNTRONFI首席執行官Alex Hook說：“由於證明系統存在問題，可以安全地擺脫安全委員會，改善其權力下放化，因此不會耗盡當地匯總的風險。”

And for users, Hook says, “Their funds on a native rollup are as secure as Ethereum with no trust assumptions added.”

對於用戶而言，Hook說：“他們在本機匯總上的資金與以太坊一樣安全，沒有添加信任假設。”

The problems with native rollups

本地匯總的問題

For the L1, Hook says, native rollups bring “fully secure and decentralized scaling at the cost of significantly increased protocol complexity.”

Hook說，對於L1，本地匯總帶來了“完全安全和分散的縮放，以顯著提高協議複雜性的成本。”

Another issue is that using Ethereum nodes to re-execute the transactions to verify they’re all kosher would be very slow and seems to contradict the whole point of rollups, which is to move execution off of the achingly slow Ethereum base layer.

另一個問題是，使用以太坊節點重新執行交易來驗證它們的全部潔食非常慢，並且似乎與匯總的全部點相矛盾，這是將執行的執行移開，從而使以太坊慢慢的以太坊基礎層相吻合。

While the execute precompile is designed to be slightly more efficient than full re-execution, Drake says the first version should just be seen as a “stepping stone” along the road.

雖然執行預編譯的設計效率比全面重新執行的效率略高，但Drake說，第一個版本應被視為沿途的“墊腳石”。

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