本地汇总解释了：深入研究新的缩放范式

突然之间，以太坊生态系统中的每个人都在谈论本地卷

All of a sudden, it seems that everybody in the Ethereum ecosystem is talking about native rollups, with Ethereum Foundation researcher Justin Drake saying that everyone he’s spoken to about the proposal has been immediately supportive.

突然之间，以太坊生态系统中的每个人都在谈论当地卷，以太坊基金会的研究员贾斯汀·德雷克（Justin Drake）说，与他谈论该提案的每个人都立即得到支持。

Optimism, Base, and half a dozen other L2s have expressed a desire to incorporate the tech into their platforms — and some also want to become “based rollups” for good measure.

乐观，基础和其他六个L2表示希望将这些技术纳入其平台 - 有些人也希望成为“基于滚动”的良好措施。

But with Drake’s January post on EthResearch aimed at a technical audience and most other explainers using the arcane terminology of blockchain devs, many ordinary Ethereum supporters may be left with little idea what native rollups are or how they work.

但是，随着德雷克（Drake）在一月份的《中央研究》（Etherresearch）的一月份帖子以技术受众和大多数使用区块链开发区的奥术术语为目的，因此许多普通的以太坊支持者可能几乎不知道什么是本地滚动或它们的工作方式。

So, we’ve roped in experts from the 2077 Collective and the Ethereum Foundation to help explain it in plain English.

因此，我们已经参与了2077年集体和以太坊基金会的专家，以用简单的英语来解释它。

What is a native rollup?

什么是本地卷？

The TLDR is that native rollups make L2s as secure and trustless as Ethereum itself by getting the base layer to take care of all the stuff that currently requires a complicated and difficult Zero Knowledge (ZK), or fraud, proof system on every L2.

TLDR是，本机汇总使L2通过让基本层照顾所有当前需要复杂且困难的零知识（ZK）或欺诈系统的所有内容，使L2s与以太坊本身一样安全，无信任。

From a user’s perspective, you could feel as safe and secure keeping your $10 million in life savings on a native rollup as you would storing it on Ethereum itself.

从用户的角度来看，您可能会感到像在以太坊本身上存储的本地汇总一样，保持1000万美元的寿命储蓄。

“Native rollups seem like a no-brainer for rollups. They are so much simpler and much more secure,” explains Ethereum Foundation researcher Ladislaus.

以太坊基金会的研究员Ladislaus解释说：“本地滚动似乎很容易滚动。它们更简单，更安全。”

“They can inherit L1 security with just a few lines of code by calling the precompile in the future.”

“他们可以通过在将来调用预编译来继承L1安全性。”

“Precompile” refers to a special type of contract hardcoded into the Ethereum protocol that extends the Ethereum Virtual Machine’s (EVM’s) capabilities. Drake’s proposal is for “an elegant and powerful execute precompile” that turns the native rollups into “programmable execution shards.”

“预编译”是指将以太坊虚拟机（EVM）功能扩展到以太坊协议中的特殊类型的合同。 Drake的建议是“优雅而强大的执行预编译”，该建议将本机汇总变成“可编程执行碎片”。

So you can think of it as sort of a reboot of the old Eth 2.0 sharding plan.

因此，您可以将其视为重新启动旧的ETH 2.0碎片计划。

How do native rollups work?

本地汇总如何工作？

Basically, they’re an overhaul of the way proofs work on L2s. These are little cryptographical snapshots that record the state of who owns what on the rollups that are periodically written to Ethereum. By recording the state of L2s on the Ethereum blockchain, rollups benefit from Ethereum’s massive decentralized network, and users are able to permissionlessly withdraw their funds from rollups if required and force through transactions censored by the sequencer.

基本上，它们是证明在L2上工作的方式的大修。这些是几乎没有密码的快照，它们记录了谁拥有定期写入以太坊的汇总的状态。通过在以太坊区块链上记录L2的状态，汇总受益于以太坊的大规模分散网络，如果需要，用户可以无权从汇总中撤回其资金，并通过测序仪对交易进行迫使。

At present, Ethereum Virtual Machine-compatible optimistic rollups essentially just assume everything that happened was correct (hence the name) and write that to Ethereum. Then there’s a seven-day period during which a few select actors can challenge anything dodgy with a “fraud proof” before assets can be withdrawn to Ethereum.

目前，以太坊虚拟机器兼容的乐观汇总本质上只是假设发生的一切都是正确的（因此名称），并将其写入以太坊。然后有一个七天的时期，在此期间，一些精选的演员可以在资产被撤回以太坊之前以“证明欺诈”的方式挑战任何狡猾的事情。

EVM-compatible ZK-rollups like Linea, however, use cryptographic proofs that show beyond a shadow of a doubt that the relevant computation was performed on the rollup, which allows for much faster withdrawals to the L1.

但是，使用EVM兼容的ZK滚动，例如Linea，使用加密证明，这表明相关计算是在汇总上执行的，这使得可以更快地提款到L1。

Also read: Pectra hard fork explained — Will it get Ethereum back on track?

另请阅读：Pectra Hard Fork解释说 - 它会使以太坊重回正轨吗？

The native rollup proposal would mean the L2s would not need to establish the same sorts of elaborate proof systems and security councils as they do now. Instead, they provide the Ethereum base layer with a list of transactions called a “trace.”

本地卷盘提案将意味着L2S不需要建立与现在相同的详尽的证明系统和安全委员会。相反，它们为以太坊基础层提供了称为“跟踪”的交易列表。

The execute precompile then uses Ethereum’s execution engine to re-execute the computation and verify the state transitions, which is just a fancy way of saying that it makes sure that whatever just happened on the rollup was correct.

然后，执行预编译然后使用以太坊的执行引擎重新执行计算并验证状态转换，这只是一种奇特的说法，即确保滚动中刚刚发生的任何事情都是正确的。

Later versions will see ZK-proofs incorporated, which is when native rollups will shine.

以后的版本将看到ZK-Profore Incorporated，这是本机卷卷会发光的时候。

What are the benefits of native rollups?

本地汇总有什么好处？

The major benefits are that the rollups won’t need to build difficult and complex proof systems or rely on security councils or multisigs, allowing a small trusted group to step in when things go wrong or if the proofs are buggy.

主要的好处是，汇总不需要建立困难且复杂的证明系统或依靠安全委员会或Multisigs，从而使一个值得信赖的小组在出现问题或证明是有货物时介入的。

“Native rollups don’t risk being drained due to a problem with the proof system and can safely get rid of security councils, improving their decentralization,” says Alex Hook, a researcher at 2077 and Untronfi CEO.

2077年2077年研究人员兼UNTRONFI首席执行官Alex Hook说：“由于证明系统存在问题，可以安全地摆脱安全委员会，改善其权力下放化，因此不会耗尽当地汇总的风险。”

And for users, Hook says, “Their funds on a native rollup are as secure as Ethereum with no trust assumptions added.”

对于用户而言，Hook说：“他们在本机汇总上的资金与以太坊一样安全，没有添加信任假设。”

The problems with native rollups

本地汇总的问题

For the L1, Hook says, native rollups bring “fully secure and decentralized scaling at the cost of significantly increased protocol complexity.”

Hook说，对于L1，本地汇总带来了“完全安全和分散的缩放，以显着提高协议复杂性的成本。”

Another issue is that using Ethereum nodes to re-execute the transactions to verify they’re all kosher would be very slow and seems to contradict the whole point of rollups, which is to move execution off of the achingly slow Ethereum base layer.

另一个问题是，使用以太坊节点重新执行交易来验证它们的全部洁食非常慢，并且似乎与汇总的全部点相矛盾，这是将执行的执行移开，从而使以太坊慢慢的以太坊基础层相吻合。

While the execute precompile is designed to be slightly more efficient than full re-execution, Drake says the first version should just be seen as a “stepping stone” along the road.

虽然执行预编译的设计效率比全面重新执行的效率略高，但德雷克说，第一个版本应被视为沿途的“垫脚石”。

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