普卡基：我們口袋裡的蒂阿拉瓦領導者

我們的錢包和口袋裡藏著一段羅托魯瓦和蒂阿拉瓦的歷史。過去 20 年來，受人尊敬的祖先普卡基 (Pūkaki) 一直在 20 分硬幣上冒險穿越莫圖。當地民主報道的勞拉史密斯探討了他的故事。

For the past 20 years, a revered ancestor has been carried in the pockets of New Zealanders up and down the motu.

在過去的 20 年裡，紐西蘭人的口袋裡一直帶著一位受人尊敬的祖先。

Pūkaki, a Ngāti Whakaue rangatira, is depicted on the 20 cent coin in intricate detail. In his arms are his sons, Wharengaro and Rangitākuku. His wife Ngāpuia (Tūhourangi) can be glimpsed between his legs.

20 分硬幣上以複雜的細節描繪了 Ngāti Whakaue 領導人普卡基 (Pūkaki)。他的懷裡抱著他的兒子瓦倫加羅（Wharengaro）和蘭吉塔庫庫（Rangitākuku）。在他的雙腿之間可以看到他的妻子 Ngāpuia (Tūhourangi)。

The image is based on a well-loved and well-travelled carving of Pūkaki, which is currently in storage. A decision is expected this year about the carving’s next home.

該圖像基於深受喜愛且經常旅行的普卡基雕刻，目前正在儲存。預計今年將就該雕刻品的下一個住處做出決定。

In his temporary housing while Rotorua Museum - Te Whare Taonga o Te Arawa is closed for renovations, the carving dwarfs Pūkaki Trust trustee Professor Paora Tapsell.

由於羅托魯瓦博物館 - Te Whare Taonga o Te Arawa 因整修而關閉，在他的臨時住所中，雕刻品讓普卡基信託基金受託人 Paora Tapsell 教授相形見絀。

The author, historian, and former Rotorua Museum curator and director shared the chief’s story with Local Democracy Reporting under his ancestor’s watchful eye.

這位作家、歷史學家、前羅托魯瓦博物館館長和館長在他祖先的注視下與當地民主報道分享了酋長的故事。

A leader is bornBorn on Lake Rotorua’s Mokoia Island around 1700, Pūkaki was a refuge in a time of constant tribal conflict for his tribe, Ngāti Whakaue.

領袖誕生 普卡基於 1700 年左右出生於羅托魯瓦湖的莫科亞島，在部落衝突不斷的時期，普卡基成為了他的部落 Ngāti Whakaue 的避難所。

“Pretty much every season after the kumara was harvested someone would turn up on the horizon looking to attack us,” Tapsell said.

「幾乎每個季節，庫馬拉收穫後都會有人出現在地平線上，想要攻擊我們，」塔普塞爾說。

The iwi was envied for its geothermal resources, which warmed homes and negated the need for firewood, providing extra time for carving and weaving.

毛利部落因其地熱資源而令人羨慕，它可以使房屋變暖並消除對木柴的需求，為雕刻和編織提供了額外的時間。

These were important for making peace with other iwi, through marriage and gifted taonga.

這些對於透過婚姻和有天賦的塔翁加與其他毛利人和平相處非常重要。

Pūkaki’s birth established peace between Ngāti Whakaue and Ngāti Pikiao, and his marriage to Ōhinemutu’s Ngāpuia was strategic. In times of peace, Pūkaki based his family at his father’s pā, Parawai, west of Lake Rotorua.

普卡基的出生在納蒂·華卡維(Ngāti Whakaue) 和納蒂·皮基奧(Ngāti Pikiao) 之間建立了和平，他與奧希內穆圖(Ōhinemutu) 的恩加普亞(Ngāpuia ) 的婚姻具有戰略意義。在和平時期，普卡基將家人定居在羅托魯瓦湖以西父親的帕拉瓦伊農場。

Pūkaki became a respected chief. Two of his sons, Wharengaro and Rangitākuku, led Ngāti Whakaue in his name against Tūhourangi, and forced them back to Tarawera.

普帕基成為一位受人尊敬的酋長。他的兩個兒子瓦倫加羅（Wharengaro）和蘭吉塔庫庫（Rangitākuku）以他的名義領導納蒂·華卡烏（Ngāti Whakaue）對抗圖胡朗吉（Tūhourangi），並將他們趕回塔拉威拉（Tarawera）。

The Pukeroa-Oruawhata area, the modern-day central city, came into Ngāti Whakaue control and Ōhinemutu became its base.

現代中心城市普克羅阿-奧魯阿瓦塔地區落入納蒂·華卡維 (Ngāti Whakaue) 控制之下，奧希內穆圖 (Ōhinemutu) 成為其基地。

Pūkaki died soon after.

普卡基不久就去世了。

In 1836 his grandson, Taupua Te Whanoa, carved the rangatira from a tōtara log, fetched from the Ngongotahā stream.

1836 年，他的孫子 Taupua Te Whanoa 用取自 Ngongotahā 溪流的托塔拉原木雕刻了 rangatira。

The carving of Pūkaki towered over Ōhinemutu as part of a 5m kuwaha (gateway) on Pukeroa Hill, later being cut down to the tiki (statue) we recognise today.

普卡基 (Pūkaki) 的雕刻聳立在 Ōhinemutu 之上，是普克羅阿山 (Pukeroa Hill) 5m kuwaha（門戶）的一部分，後來被砍伐成我們今天所認識的 tiki（雕像）。

A symbol of trustCome 1877, the Crown planned to set up a tourist spa town in Rotorua.

信任的象徵 1877 年，皇室計劃在羅托魯瓦建立一個旅遊溫泉小鎮。

Ngāti Whakaue wished to retain its land and under missionary-trained leadership chose to not fight the Crown but to form a union for protection and income.

Ngāti Whakaue 希望保留其土地，並在傳教士訓練的領導下選擇不與王室作戰，而是為了保護和收入而組成聯盟。

Tapsell explained it was not as though the iwi could give a daughter to the Crown, but they could gift their treasured Pūkaki tiki as a symbol of trust.

塔普塞爾解釋說，毛利部落不能將女兒獻給王室，但他們可以將珍貴的普卡基提基禮物作為信任的象徵。

And so they did, to Judge Francis Fenton of the Native Land Court, when he came for initial discussions that led to an agreement to establish the Rotorua township, with Ngāti Whakaue retaining ownership.

他們對原住民土地法院法官弗朗西斯·芬頓 (Francis Fenton) 進行了初步討論，最終達成了建立羅托魯瓦鎮的協議，而納蒂·華考 (Ngāti Whakaue) 保留了所有權。

The agreement was fraught with issues in the decades to come – not least the Crown’s compulsory purchase of the township lands – but almost immediately, the trust symbolised by Pūkaki was disregarded.

該協議在接下來的幾十年裡充滿了問題——尤其是國王強制購買鄉鎮土地——但幾乎立刻，普卡基所象徵的信任就被忽視了。

Tapsell said within 10 days, Fenton, aided by Justice Thomas Gillies, presented Pūkaki to the Auckland Museum as their own personal gift.

Tapsell 表示，10 天內，芬頓在托馬斯·吉利斯法官的協助下，將普卡基作為他們自己的個人禮物贈送給了奧克蘭博物館。

Why Pūkaki travelled the world - and how he returned homeFor about a century, the carving sat as a museum artefact, most of Ngāti Whakaue unaware he was there.

普卡基為什麼環遊世界——以及他如何返回家園 大約一個世紀以來，這件雕刻品一直作為博物館文物保存著，大多數納蒂華卡維人都不知道他在那裡。

In about 1984 he came out of obscurity and into the global spotlight as part of the Te Māori exhibition that toured the US for two years.

大約在 1984 年，他參加了在美國巡迴兩年的 Te Māori 展覽，從此不再默默無聞，成為全球關注的焦點。

“It was through Te Māori that Ngāti Whakaue were reunited with Pūkaki and another Ōhinemutu gateway, Tiki. He too had been gifted some seven years after Pūkaki as yet another reminder to the Crown of its solemn promise to uphold the Rotorua Township Agreement,” Tapsell said.

「正是透過 Te Māori，Ngāti Whakaue 與 Pūkaki 和另一個 Ōhinemutu 門戶 Tiki 重聚。他也是在普卡基被授予七年後被授予的禮物，這再次提醒國王遵守羅托魯瓦鎮協議的莊嚴承諾，」塔普塞爾說。

When Ngāti Whakaue elder Hamuera Taiporutu Mitchell joined the Te Māori tour in St Louis, he became upset when told Auckland Museum understood Ngāti Whakaue had sold – not gifted – their taonga.

當 Ngāti Whakaue 長老 Hamuera Taiporutu Mitchell 參加聖路易斯的毛利人之旅時，當他被告知奧克蘭博物館了解 Ngāti Whakaue 是出售（而不是贈送）他們的商品時，他感到很沮喪。

Mitchell’s emotion at hearing this would prompt a mission to seek the truth.

米切爾聽到這句話後的情緒會促使他去尋找真相。

Pūkaki returned to Auckland in 1987, and in 1994, Tapsell – Rotorua Museum curator at the time – resigned and began his Master of Arts thesis

普卡基於 1987 年返回奧克蘭，1994 年，時任羅托魯瓦博物館館長的塔普塞爾辭職並開始了他的藝術碩士論文