普卡基：我们口袋里的蒂阿拉瓦领导者

我们的钱包和口袋里藏着一段罗托鲁瓦和蒂阿拉瓦的历史。过去 20 年来，受人尊敬的祖先普卡基 (Pūkaki) 一直在 20 分硬币上冒险穿越莫图。当地民主报道的劳拉·史密斯探讨了他的故事。

For the past 20 years, a revered ancestor has been carried in the pockets of New Zealanders up and down the motu.

在过去的 20 年里，新西兰人的口袋里一直带着一位受人尊敬的祖先。

Pūkaki, a Ngāti Whakaue rangatira, is depicted on the 20 cent coin in intricate detail. In his arms are his sons, Wharengaro and Rangitākuku. His wife Ngāpuia (Tūhourangi) can be glimpsed between his legs.

20 分硬币上以复杂的细节描绘了 Ngāti Whakaue 领导人普卡基 (Pūkaki)。他的怀里抱着他的两个儿子，Wharengaro 和 Rangitākuku。在他的双腿之间可以看到他的妻子 Ngāpuia (Tūhourangi)。

The image is based on a well-loved and well-travelled carving of Pūkaki, which is currently in storage. A decision is expected this year about the carving’s next home.

该图像基于深受喜爱且经常旅行的普卡基雕刻，目前正在储存。预计今年将就该雕刻品的下一个住处做出决定。

In his temporary housing while Rotorua Museum - Te Whare Taonga o Te Arawa is closed for renovations, the carving dwarfs Pūkaki Trust trustee Professor Paora Tapsell.

罗托鲁瓦博物馆 (Te Whare Taonga o Te Arawa) 因整修而关闭期间，在他的临时住所中，雕刻品让普卡基信托基金会 (Pūkaki Trust) 受托人 Paora Tapsell 教授相形见绌。

The author, historian, and former Rotorua Museum curator and director shared the chief’s story with Local Democracy Reporting under his ancestor’s watchful eye.

这位作家、历史学家、前罗托鲁瓦博物馆馆长和馆长在他祖先的注视下与当地民主报道分享了酋长的故事。

A leader is bornBorn on Lake Rotorua’s Mokoia Island around 1700, Pūkaki was a refuge in a time of constant tribal conflict for his tribe, Ngāti Whakaue.

领袖诞生 普卡基于 1700 年左右出生于罗托鲁瓦湖的莫科亚岛，在部落冲突不断的时期，普卡基成为了他的部落 Ngāti Whakaue 的避难所。

“Pretty much every season after the kumara was harvested someone would turn up on the horizon looking to attack us,” Tapsell said.

“几乎每个季节，库马拉收获后都会有人出现在地平线上，想要攻击我们，”塔普塞尔说。

The iwi was envied for its geothermal resources, which warmed homes and negated the need for firewood, providing extra time for carving and weaving.

毛利部落因其地热资源而令人羡慕，它可以使房屋变暖并消除对木柴的需求，为雕刻和编织提供了额外的时间。

These were important for making peace with other iwi, through marriage and gifted taonga.

这些对于通过婚姻和有天赋的塔翁加与其他毛利人和平相处非常重要。

Pūkaki’s birth established peace between Ngāti Whakaue and Ngāti Pikiao, and his marriage to Ōhinemutu’s Ngāpuia was strategic. In times of peace, Pūkaki based his family at his father’s pā, Parawai, west of Lake Rotorua.

普卡基的出生在纳蒂·华卡乌 (Ngāti Whakaue) 和纳蒂·皮基奥 (Ngāti Pikiao) 之间建立了和平，他与奥希内穆图 (Ōhinemutu) 的恩加普亚 (Ngāpuia) 的婚姻具有战略意义。在和平时期，普卡基将家人定居在罗托鲁瓦湖以西父亲的帕拉瓦伊农场。

Pūkaki became a respected chief. Two of his sons, Wharengaro and Rangitākuku, led Ngāti Whakaue in his name against Tūhourangi, and forced them back to Tarawera.

普帕基成为一位受人尊敬的酋长。他的两个儿子瓦伦加罗（Wharengaro）和兰吉塔库库（Rangitākuku）以他的名义领导纳蒂·华卡乌（Ngāti Whakaue）对抗图胡朗吉（Tūhourangi），并将他们赶回塔拉威拉（Tarawera）。

The Pukeroa-Oruawhata area, the modern-day central city, came into Ngāti Whakaue control and Ōhinemutu became its base.

现代中心城市普克罗阿-奥鲁阿瓦塔地区落入纳蒂·华卡维 (Ngāti Whakaue) 控制之下，奥希内穆图 (Ōhinemutu) 成为其基地。

Pūkaki died soon after.

普卡基不久就去世了。

In 1836 his grandson, Taupua Te Whanoa, carved the rangatira from a tōtara log, fetched from the Ngongotahā stream.

1836 年，他的孙子 Taupua Te Whanoa 用取自 Ngongotahā 溪流的托塔拉原木雕刻了 rangatira。

The carving of Pūkaki towered over Ōhinemutu as part of a 5m kuwaha (gateway) on Pukeroa Hill, later being cut down to the tiki (statue) we recognise today.

普卡基 (Pūkaki) 的雕刻耸立在 Ōhinemutu 之上，是普克罗阿山 (Pukeroa Hill) 5m kuwaha（门户）的一部分，后来被砍伐成我们今天所认识的 tiki（雕像）。

A symbol of trustCome 1877, the Crown planned to set up a tourist spa town in Rotorua.

信任的象征 1877 年，皇室计划在罗托鲁瓦建立一个旅游温泉小镇。

Ngāti Whakaue wished to retain its land and under missionary-trained leadership chose to not fight the Crown but to form a union for protection and income.

Ngāti Whakaue 希望保留其土地，并在传教士训练的领导下选择不与王室作战，而是为了保护和收入而组建联盟。

Tapsell explained it was not as though the iwi could give a daughter to the Crown, but they could gift their treasured Pūkaki tiki as a symbol of trust.

塔普塞尔解释说，毛利部落不能将女儿送给王室，但他们可以将珍贵的普卡基提基礼物作为信任的象征。

And so they did, to Judge Francis Fenton of the Native Land Court, when he came for initial discussions that led to an agreement to establish the Rotorua township, with Ngāti Whakaue retaining ownership.

他们对原住民土地法院法官弗朗西斯·芬顿 (Francis Fenton) 进行了初步讨论，最终达成了建立罗托鲁瓦镇的协议，而纳蒂·华考 (Ngāti Whakaue) 保留了所有权。

The agreement was fraught with issues in the decades to come – not least the Crown’s compulsory purchase of the township lands – but almost immediately, the trust symbolised by Pūkaki was disregarded.

该协议在接下来的几十年里充满了问题——尤其是国王强制购买乡镇土地——但几乎立刻，普卡基所象征的信任就被忽视了。

Tapsell said within 10 days, Fenton, aided by Justice Thomas Gillies, presented Pūkaki to the Auckland Museum as their own personal gift.

Tapsell 表示，10 天内，芬顿在托马斯·吉利斯法官的协助下，将普卡基作为他们自己的个人礼物赠送给了奥克兰博物馆。

Why Pūkaki travelled the world - and how he returned homeFor about a century, the carving sat as a museum artefact, most of Ngāti Whakaue unaware he was there.

普卡基为何环游世界，以及他如何返回故乡 大约一个世纪以来，这尊雕刻品一直作为博物馆文物保存在博物馆中，大多数纳蒂华卡维人都不知道他在那里。

In about 1984 he came out of obscurity and into the global spotlight as part of the Te Māori exhibition that toured the US for two years.

大约在 1984 年，作为毛利人展览的一部分，他在美国巡回演出了两年，从默默无闻开始成为全球关注的焦点。

“It was through Te Māori that Ngāti Whakaue were reunited with Pūkaki and another Ōhinemutu gateway, Tiki. He too had been gifted some seven years after Pūkaki as yet another reminder to the Crown of its solemn promise to uphold the Rotorua Township Agreement,” Tapsell said.

“正是通过 Te Māori，Ngāti Whakaue 与 Pūkaki 和另一个 Ōhinemutu 门户 Tiki 重聚。他也是在普卡基七年后被授予的礼物，这再次提醒王室其维护罗托鲁瓦镇协议的庄严承诺，”塔普塞尔说。

When Ngāti Whakaue elder Hamuera Taiporutu Mitchell joined the Te Māori tour in St Louis, he became upset when told Auckland Museum understood Ngāti Whakaue had sold – not gifted – their taonga.

当 Ngāti Whakaue 长老 Hamuera Taiporutu Mitchell 参加圣路易斯的毛利人之旅时，当他被告知奥克兰博物馆了解 Ngāti Whakaue 是出售（而不是赠送）他们的商品时，他感到很沮丧。

Mitchell’s emotion at hearing this would prompt a mission to seek the truth.

米切尔听到这句话后的情绪会促使他去寻找真相。

Pūkaki returned to Auckland in 1987, and in 1994, Tapsell – Rotorua Museum curator at the time – resigned and began his Master of Arts thesis

普卡基于 1987 年返回奥克兰，1994 年，时任罗托鲁瓦博物馆馆长的塔普塞尔辞职并开始了他的艺术硕士论文