國際貨幣基金組織：數位貨幣是促進太平洋島嶼金融包容性的關鍵

國際貨幣基金組織的報告強調了包括穩定幣和 CBDC 在內的數位貨幣在增強太平洋島國金融包容性和服務方面的潛力。這些國家面臨金融准入有限、對匯款高度依賴以及代理銀行關係日益減少的挑戰。國際貨幣基金組織建議，數位貨幣可以透過擴大支付系統、減輕代理銀行的損失和促進金融包容性來解決這些問題。

Digital Money's Role in Advancing Financial Inclusion in the Pacific Islands

數位貨幣在促進太平洋島嶼金融包容性方面的作用

Washington, D.C. - March 25, 2023 - The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has released a comprehensive report exploring the potential role of digital money, including stablecoins and central bank digital currencies (CBDCs), in enhancing financial inclusion and the quality of financial services in the remote and geographically dispersed Pacific Islands countries.

華盛頓特區- 2023 年3 月25 日- 國際貨幣基金組織(IMF) 發布了一份綜合報告，探討了包括穩定幣和央行數位貨幣(CBDC) 在內的數位貨幣在增強金融包容性和金融服務質量方面的潛在作用在偏遠且地理分散的太平洋島嶼國家。

Entitled "Digital Money: A Potential Game Changer for Financial Inclusion in the Pacific Islands," the report delves into the unique challenges faced by the economies of the Pacific Islands region, characterized by:

該報告題為“數位貨幣：太平洋島嶼金融包容性的潛在遊戲規則改變者”，深入探討了太平洋島嶼地區經濟面臨的獨特挑戰，其特點是：

• Limited and unequal access to financial services, exacerbating persistent poverty and inequality.
• A heavy reliance on remittance flows, making the region disproportionately vulnerable to declining correspondent banking relationships.

Against this backdrop, the IMF highlights the transformative potential of digital money in:

獲得金融服務的機會有限且不平等，加劇了持續的貧困和不平等。對匯款流的嚴重依賴，使該地區特別容易受到代理銀行關係下降的影響。在此背景下，國際貨幣基金組織強調了數位貨幣在以下方面的變革潛力：

• Facilitating payments and transactions, expanding financial inclusion.
• Mitigating the loss of correspondent banking relationships, ensuring the flow of funds.

Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs): A Focus

便利支付和交易，擴大金融包容性。減少代理銀行關係的損失，確保資金流動。中央銀行數位貨幣（CBDC）：一個焦點

Unsurprisingly, the report places considerable emphasis on CBDCs, a topic that the IMF has actively advocated. However, the IMF also recognizes the potential of private stablecoins backed by foreign currencies, particularly for countries without their own official currency.

毫不奇怪，該報告相當重視 CBDC，這是國際貨幣基金組織積極倡導的一個主題。然而，國際貨幣基金組織也認識到由外幣支持的私人穩定幣的潛力，特別是對於沒有自己的官方貨幣的國家。

The IMF cautions smaller Pacific Island countries (PICs) against issuing their own sovereign stablecoins due to concerns over oversight capacities. Tether (USDT) is the only private stablecoin explicitly mentioned in the report.

由於對監管能力的擔憂，國際貨幣基金組織警告較小的太平洋島國（PIC）不要發行自己的主權穩定幣。 Tether（USDT）是報告中明確提及的唯一私有穩定幣。

Two-Tier CBDCs: A Suitable Option

兩層 CBDC：合適的選擇

For PICs with established national currencies and mature banking systems, the report recommends a two-tier CBDC model. In this model, the central bank would issue the CBDC but delegate its operation to private intermediaries.

對於擁有既定本國貨幣和成熟銀行系統的PIC，報告建議採用兩層CBDC模式。在這種模式中，央行將發行 CBDC，但將其營運委託給私人中介機構。

For countries without their own currencies, the IMF suggests exploring foreign currency-based stablecoins as a viable alternative, albeit with robust regulation and supervision.

對於沒有自己貨幣的國家，國際貨幣基金組織建議探索基於外幣的穩定幣作為可行的替代方案，儘管需要嚴格的監管和監管。

Current Status of Digital Money in PICs

PIC 中數位貨幣的現狀

As of the report's publication, no PICs officially use private cryptocurrencies or stablecoins. However, several countries, including Fiji, Palau, Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu, are exploring CBDCs.

截至報告發布，尚無 PIC 正式使用私人加密貨幣或穩定幣。然而，包括斐濟、帛琉、所羅門群島和瓦努阿圖在內的幾個國家正在探索 CBDC。

IMF's Advocacy for CBDCs

國際貨幣基金組織對 CBDC 的倡議

The IMF remains a staunch proponent of CBDCs, aligning with the views of its Managing Director, Kristalina Georgieva. Georgieva has repeatedly urged the public sector to prepare for the deployment of CBDCs, envisioning them as a safe and cost-effective alternative to cash and private money.

國際貨幣基金組織仍然是 CBDC 的堅定支持者，與其總裁 Kristalina Georgieva 的觀點保持一致。格奧爾基耶娃一再敦促公共部門為部署 CBDC 做好準備，並將其視為現金和私人資金的安全且具有成本效益的替代品。

In conclusion, the IMF's report provides a valuable assessment of the potential benefits and challenges of digital money in the Pacific Islands region. As the world continues to navigate the evolving landscape of digital finance, the IMF's insights offer critical guidance for policymakers seeking to leverage these technologies to promote financial inclusion and economic growth.

總之，國際貨幣基金組織的報告對太平洋島嶼地區數位貨幣的潛在好處和挑戰進行了有價值的評估。隨著世界繼續探索不斷發展的數位金融格局，國際貨幣基金組織的見解為尋求利用這些技術促進金融包容性和經濟成長的政策制定者提供了重要指導。