国际货币基金组织：数字货币是促进太平洋岛屿金融包容性的关键

国际货币基金组织的报告强调了包括稳定币和 CBDC 在内的数字货币在增强太平洋岛国金融包容性和服务方面的潜力。这些国家面临着金融准入有限、对汇款高度依赖以及代理银行关系日益减少的挑战。国际货币基金组织建议，数字货币可以通过扩大支付系统、减轻代理银行的损失和促进金融包容性来解决这些问题。

Digital Money's Role in Advancing Financial Inclusion in the Pacific Islands

数字货币在促进太平洋岛屿金融包容性方面的作用

Washington, D.C. - March 25, 2023 - The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has released a comprehensive report exploring the potential role of digital money, including stablecoins and central bank digital currencies (CBDCs), in enhancing financial inclusion and the quality of financial services in the remote and geographically dispersed Pacific Islands countries.

华盛顿特区 - 2023 年 3 月 25 日 - 国际货币基金组织 (IMF) 发布了一份综合报告，探讨了包括稳定币和央行数字货币 (CBDC) 在内的数字货币在增强金融包容性和金融服务质量方面的潜在作用在偏远且地理分散的太平洋岛屿国家。

Entitled "Digital Money: A Potential Game Changer for Financial Inclusion in the Pacific Islands," the report delves into the unique challenges faced by the economies of the Pacific Islands region, characterized by:

该报告题为“数字货币：太平洋岛屿金融包容性的潜在游戏规则改变者”，深入探讨了太平洋岛屿地区经济面临的独特挑战，其特点是：

• Limited and unequal access to financial services, exacerbating persistent poverty and inequality.
• A heavy reliance on remittance flows, making the region disproportionately vulnerable to declining correspondent banking relationships.

Against this backdrop, the IMF highlights the transformative potential of digital money in:

获得金融服务的机会有限且不平等，加剧了持续的贫困和不平等。对汇款流的严重依赖，使该地区特别容易受到代理银行关系下降的影响。在此背景下，国际货币基金组织强调了数字货币在以下方面的变革潜力：

• Facilitating payments and transactions, expanding financial inclusion.
• Mitigating the loss of correspondent banking relationships, ensuring the flow of funds.

Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs): A Focus

便利支付和交易，扩大金融包容性。减少代理银行关系的损失，确保资金流动。中央银行数字货币（CBDC）：一个焦点

Unsurprisingly, the report places considerable emphasis on CBDCs, a topic that the IMF has actively advocated. However, the IMF also recognizes the potential of private stablecoins backed by foreign currencies, particularly for countries without their own official currency.

毫不奇怪，该报告相当重视 CBDC，这是国际货币基金组织积极倡导的一个主题。然而，国际货币基金组织也认识到由外币支持的私人稳定币的潜力，特别是对于没有自己的官方货币的国家。

The IMF cautions smaller Pacific Island countries (PICs) against issuing their own sovereign stablecoins due to concerns over oversight capacities. Tether (USDT) is the only private stablecoin explicitly mentioned in the report.

由于对监管能力的担忧，国际货币基金组织警告较小的太平洋岛国（PIC）不要发行自己的主权稳定币。 Tether（USDT）是报告中明确提及的唯一私有稳定币。

Two-Tier CBDCs: A Suitable Option

两层 CBDC：合适的选择

For PICs with established national currencies and mature banking systems, the report recommends a two-tier CBDC model. In this model, the central bank would issue the CBDC but delegate its operation to private intermediaries.

对于拥有既定本国货币和成熟银行系统的PIC，报告建议采用两层CBDC模式。在这种模式中，央行将发行 CBDC，但将其运营委托给私人中介机构。

For countries without their own currencies, the IMF suggests exploring foreign currency-based stablecoins as a viable alternative, albeit with robust regulation and supervision.

对于没有自己货币的国家，国际货币基金组织建议探索基于外币的稳定币作为可行的替代方案，尽管需要严格的监管和监管。

Current Status of Digital Money in PICs

PIC 中数字货币的现状

As of the report's publication, no PICs officially use private cryptocurrencies or stablecoins. However, several countries, including Fiji, Palau, Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu, are exploring CBDCs.

截至该报告发布，尚无 PIC 正式使用私人加密货币或稳定币。然而，包括斐济、帕劳、所罗门群岛和瓦努阿图在内的几个国家正在探索 CBDC。

IMF's Advocacy for CBDCs

国际货币基金组织对 CBDC 的倡导

The IMF remains a staunch proponent of CBDCs, aligning with the views of its Managing Director, Kristalina Georgieva. Georgieva has repeatedly urged the public sector to prepare for the deployment of CBDCs, envisioning them as a safe and cost-effective alternative to cash and private money.

国际货币基金组织仍然是 CBDC 的坚定支持者，与其总裁 Kristalina Georgieva 的观点保持一致。格奥尔基耶娃一再敦促公共部门为部署 CBDC 做好准备，并将其视为现金和私人资金的安全且具有成本效益的替代品。

In conclusion, the IMF's report provides a valuable assessment of the potential benefits and challenges of digital money in the Pacific Islands region. As the world continues to navigate the evolving landscape of digital finance, the IMF's insights offer critical guidance for policymakers seeking to leverage these technologies to promote financial inclusion and economic growth.

总之，国际货币基金组织的报告对太平洋岛屿地区数字货币的潜在好处和挑战进行了有价值的评估。随着世界继续探索不断发展的数字金融格局，国际货币基金组织的见解为寻求利用这些技术促进金融包容性和经济增长的政策制定者提供了重要指导。