中國宣布史無前例的370億歐元投資，加速半導體領域的技術自主化

半導體已成為全球經濟和技術安全的重要支柱。在此背景下，中國宣布史無前例地投資370億歐元，以加速其技術自主化，而這項技術自主化迄今一直受到歐美主導地位的阻礙。

China has announced a massive investment of 37 billion euros to accelerate its technological autonomy, which has so far been hindered by the dominance of Europe and the United States. This strategic sector, embodied by players like ASML, the world leader in photolithography equipment, is now at the heart of fierce competition. Beijing is not only looking to catch up but also to redefine the balance of power with a view to achieving complete independence. This initiative could reshape the contours of global innovation and intensify tensions in an already high-pressure market.

中國已宣布巨額投資370億歐元，以加速其技術自主化，但迄今為止，該技術自主化一直受到歐洲和美國主導地位的阻礙。這個策略領域，以光刻設備領域的全球領導者阿斯麥爾（ASML）等企業為代表，目前正處於激烈競爭的核心。北京不僅要迎頭趕上，還要重新定義力量平衡，以達到完全獨立。這項舉措可能會重塑全球創新的輪廓，並加上劇本已高壓的市場的緊張局勢。

An analysis by Baptiste Liger for Cointribune.

Baptiste Liger 對 Cointribune 的分析。

China has unveiled an ambitious plan to counter growing technological and economic pressures exerted by the United States and Europe. This project is based on a colossal investment of 37 billion euros, aimed at developing domestic lithography machines, a technology essential for advanced semiconductor production. Today, this field remains largely dominated by ASML, a Dutch equipment manufacturer that holds almost a monopoly on cutting-edge photolithography. Furthermore, with this program, Beijing aims to reduce its dependence on foreign suppliers in order to bypass restrictions imposed by Washington.

中國宣布了一項雄心勃勃的計劃，以應對美國和歐洲施加的日益增長的技術和經濟壓力。該專案耗資370億歐元，旨在開發國產光刻機，這是先進半導體生產不可或缺的技術。如今，這一領域仍然主要由荷蘭設備製造商 ASML 主導，該公司幾乎壟斷了尖端光刻技術。此外，透過該計劃，北京旨在減少對外國供應商的依賴，以繞過華盛頓施加的限制。

This strategic movement fits into a broader industrial vision, accelerated by achievements such as the launch of the Huawei Mate 60 Pro. Indeed, this smartphone, equipped with locally made chips, illustrates China’s ability to overcome technological barriers despite strict international sanctions. This example has strengthened the idea that Beijing can withstand external pressure but also innovate under unfavorable conditions. For many experts, this initiative marks a decisive turning point. It reflects China’s firm will to achieve technological self-sufficiency in sectors deemed vital for its economic and strategic development.

這項策略性舉措符合更廣泛的工業願景，並因華為 Mate 60 Pro 的推出等成就而加速。事實上，這款配備國產晶片的智慧型手機表明，儘管受到嚴格的國際制裁，中國仍有能力克服技術障礙。這個例子強化了北京能夠承受外部壓力但在不利條件下也能創新的理念。對許多專家來說，這項舉措標誌著一個決定性的轉捩點。它反映了中國在對其經濟和戰略發展至關重要的領域實現技術自給自足的堅定意願。

China's technological ambitions are part of a dynamic that goes beyond the simple industrial challenge. This growing rivalry between Beijing and Western powers over semiconductors reflects major geopolitical stakes. Thus, controlling this key technology, essential for both civilian and military domains, amounts to ensuring decisive influence over global innovation and strategic supply chains. This quest for mastery of semiconductors has become a central pillar of national security policies worldwide.

中國的技術雄心壯志是超越簡單工業挑戰的動力的一部分。北京與西方大國在半導體領域日益激烈的競爭反映了重大的地緣政治利益。因此，控制這項對民用和軍事領域都至關重要的關鍵技術，就等於確保對全球創新和戰略供應鏈產生決定性影響。對半導體的掌控已成為全球國家安全政策的核心支柱。

For their part, European leaders like ASML continue to play a dominant role. The Dutch company constantly innovates, through the development of next-generation EUV machines capable of producing chips smaller than 2 nanometers. These technological advances reinforce Europe’s position as an industry leader, but they also heighten the challenges that China must face to catch up on this technological gap. However, Beijing is not content with merely closing the gaps. With massive funding, it seeks to transform these challenges into a springboard to enhance its autonomy and redefine the power balances in this strategic industry.

就 ASML 等歐洲領導者而言，他們繼續發揮主導作用。這家荷蘭公司不斷創新，開發了能夠生產小於 2 奈米晶片的下一代 EUV 機器。這些技術進步鞏固了歐洲作為產業領導者的地位，但也加劇了中國追趕這一技術差距所必須面臨的挑戰。然而，北京並不滿足於僅僅縮小差距。憑藉大量資金，它試圖將這些挑戰轉化為增強自主權並重新定義這個戰略產業中權力平衡的跳板。

This evolution raises critical questions for the future of the semiconductor industry. Will China succeed in questioning the technological dominance of Western powers? Or will this new momentum amplify the fragmentation of global supply chains, already under pressure from growing geopolitical tensions? What is clear is that this massive investment heralds an era of intense rivalries where innovation becomes both a strategic and economic tool. In this race, the outcome could reshape the contours of the global economy and redefine geopolitical balances in the long term.

這種演變對半導體產業的未來提出了關鍵問題。中國能否成功挑戰西方列強的技術主導地位？或者，這種新的勢頭是否會加劇已經受到地緣政治緊張局勢加劇壓力的全球供應鏈的碎片化？顯而易見的是，這種大規模投資預示著一個競爭激烈的時代，創新將成為一種策略和經濟工具。在這場競賽中，結果可能會重塑全球經濟的輪廓，並重新定義長期的地緣政治平衡。