加拿大最終對中國電動車徵收100%附加稅，北京報復

對中國電動車的新關稅最終於 2024 年 10 月 1 日星期二生效。

Canada has finally imposed the new tariffs on Chinese electric vehicles (EVs) on Tuesday, October 1, 2024, fulfilling an announcement made back in August about the tariffs on EVs and select hybrid passenger cars, buses, trucks, and delivery vans.

加拿大最終於 2024 年 10 月 1 日星期二對中國電動車 (EV) 徵收新關稅，履行了 8 月發布的有關對電動車和部分混合動力乘用車、公共汽車、卡車和貨車徵收關稅的公告。

Prime Minister Justin Trudeau has called this move an attempt to “level the playing field for Canadian workers.” According to him, it will allow the country's nascent EV industry to compete not just in the domestic market but also in North America and globally.

總理賈斯汀·杜魯道稱此舉是「為加拿大工人創造公平競爭環境的嘗試」。他表示，這將使該國新興的電動車產業不僅在國內市場競爭，而且在北美和全球市場競爭。

“Actors like China have chosen to give themselves an unfair advantage in the global marketplace, compromising the security of our critical industries and displacing dedicated Canadian auto and metal workers. So, we're taking action to address that.”

「像中國這樣的行為者選擇在全球市場上為自己帶來不公平的優勢，損害我們關鍵產業的安全，並取代敬業的加拿大汽車和金屬工人。因此，我們正在採取行動來解決這個問題。

– Trudeau

——杜魯道

With the 100% surtax, the price of Chinese-made EVs will effectively double. As is the case with most taxes, most of them will be passed on to customers, discouraging them from purchasing imported vehicles.

在徵收100%附加稅後，中國製造的電動車的價格實際上將翻倍。與大多數稅收一樣，其中大部分將轉嫁給客戶，從而阻止他們購買進口車輛。

Up until now, Canada has been imposing a 6.1% import tariff on electric vehicles that are manufactured in China.

截至目前，加拿大對中國生產的電動車徵收6.1%的進口關稅。

Last week, Minister of Finance Chrystia Freeland also said that the country is “absolutely” considering banning Chinese-made software in EVs. Freeland told reporters:

上週，財政部長克里斯蒂亞·弗里蘭還表示，該國「絕對」考慮禁止電動車使用中國製造的軟體。弗里蘭告訴記者：

“We take really seriously intentional Chinese overcapacity, and we take very seriously the security threat from China. That's why we acted decisively… and we are looking at whether to impose further measures.”

「我們非常嚴肅地對待中國故意的產能過剩，我們也非常嚴肅地對待來自中國的安全威脅。這就是為什麼我們果斷採取行動……我們正在考慮是否採取進一步措施。

In addition to Chinese EVs, the federal government will also be levying an additional tax of 25% on imports of aluminum and steel products from China. These taxes go into effect a couple of weeks later, on October 15.

除了中國電動車外，聯邦政府還將對從中國進口的鋁和鋼鐵產品徵收25%的額外稅。這些稅收將在幾週後即 10 月 15 日生效。

Late in August, the country’s Department of Finance (DOF) first announced a series of measures to protect local workers from China's unfair trade policies. Also, with this, the aim has been to be in alignment with the trading partners of Canada and prevent any trade diversions due to their recent actions.

8月下旬，該國財政部（DOF）首次宣布了一系列措施，以保護當地工人免受中國不公平貿易政策的影響。此外，此舉的目的是與加拿大的貿易夥伴保持一致，以防止因其最近的行動而造成任何貿易轉移。

At the time, DOF noted that the local auto manufacturing industry is directly responsible for more than 125,000 good-paying Canadian jobs, while the local steel and aluminum sectors support more than 130,000 jobs across the country.

當時，財政部指出，當地汽車製造業直接為加拿大提供了超過 125,000 個高薪就業機會，而當地鋼鐵和鋁業則為全國提供了超過 13 萬個就業機會。

It also pointed out that the potential of Canada’s EV supply chain is rated top in the world, driven by the country's raw materials, talented workers, clean electricity, and specialized production capabilities needed to build EVs.

報告還指出，加拿大電動車供應鏈的潛力在全球排名第一，這得益於該國原材料、優秀工人、清潔電力以及製造電動車所需的專業生產能力。

However, the Canadian auto sector is facing unfair competition from Chinese manufacturers, “who benefit from unfair, non-market policies and practices,” noted the government officials.

然而，加拿大汽車業正面臨來自中國製造商的不公平競爭，政府官員指出，「中國製造商受益於不公平、非市場的政策和做法」。

The intentional, state-directed policy of China—overcapacity and lack of rigorous labor and environmental standards—undermines Canada’s long-term economic prosperity and threatens the EV industry around the world, said the agency.

該機構表示，中國故意的、國家主導的政策——產能過剩以及缺乏嚴格的勞工和環境標準——破壞了加拿大的長期經濟繁榮，並威脅到世界各地的電動車產業。

The DOF further announced the launch of a 30-day consultation, which would run until  October 10, concerning other sectors critical to the future prosperity of Canada. The sectors covered here are crucial minerals, semiconductors, solar products, and batteries and battery parts.

財政部還宣布啟動為期 30 天的磋商，該磋商將持續到 10 月 10 日，涉及對加拿大未來繁榮至關重要的其他部門。這裡涉及的產業包括重要的礦物、半導體、太陽能產品以及電池和電池零件。

The government has also shared its plan to further limit the eligibility of its various incentives related to zero-emission vehicles to products that are made in those countries that have free trade agreements with Canada.

政府還分享了其計劃，進一步限制與加拿大簽訂自由貿易協定的國家生產的產品獲得與零排放汽車相關的各種激勵措施的資格。

“This is about securing the fair, prosperous future Canadians deserve.”

“這是為了確保加拿大人應得的公平、繁榮的未來。”

– François-Philippe Champagne, Minister of Innovation, Science and Industry

– 弗朗索瓦-菲利普·香檳 (François-Philippe Champagne)，創新、科學與工業部長

Alignment with Trading Partners

與貿易夥伴保持一致

The punitive tariffs from Canada came as the industry pressured the Canadian government to copy programs in other countries. Canada’s international partners have already been responding aggressively to unfair competition in their EV industries.

加拿大徵收懲罰性關稅之際，該產業向加拿大政府施壓，要求複製其他國家的項目。加拿大的國際合作夥伴已經對其電動車產業的不公平競爭做出了積極的反應。

This year, the US increased tariffs on Chinese EVs—which went up from 25% to 100% for certain hybrids—along with steel and aluminum. The European Commission meanwhile began applying anti-subsidy duties on Chinese-made EVs.

今年，美國提高了對中國電動車的關稅——某些混合動力車的關稅從 25% 提高到 100%——以及鋼鐵和鋁。同時，歐盟委員會開始對中國製造的電動車徵收反補貼稅。

So, the tariffs on Chinese EVs from Canada are similar to the initiative taken by the US. At the time, Trudeau and his cabinet also met with Jake Sullivan, the national security adviser of US President Joe Biden, who told reporters that the US wants its partners to adopt a coordinated approach to Chinese EVs.

因此，加拿大對中國電動車徵收的關稅與美國採取的措施類似。當時，杜魯道及其內閣還會見了美國總統喬·拜登的國家安全顧問傑克·沙利文，沙利文告訴記者，美國希望其合作夥伴對中國電動車採取協調一致的做法。

Canadian government officials meanwhile denied enacting tariffs due to US pressure and that they had already been looking into the issue for months, even before the US imposed its tariffs in May.

與此同時，加拿大政府官員否認迫於美國壓力而徵收關稅，並表示他們甚至在美國 5 月徵收關稅之前就已經研究這個問題數月了。

The government, as per a senior government official, has been concerned about the Chinese automakers flooding North America with heavily subsidized cars made amidst “abysmal” labor and environmental standards.

一位高級政府官員表示，政府一直擔心中國汽車製造商向北美大量供應在「糟糕」的勞工和環境標準下生產的高額補貼汽車。

Deputy Prime Minister Freeland claims the decision was made to protect the substantial investment the government has made in domestic electric vehicle manufacturing. Ottawa, the capital city of Canada, has set aside tens of billions of dollars to support EV production at planned sites.

副總理弗里蘭聲稱，做出這項決定是為了保護政府在國內電動車製造方面的大量投資。加拿大首都渥太華已撥出數百億美元支持規劃地點的電動車生產。

“The reality is China has an intentional state-directed policy of overcapacity and over

「現實情況是，中國有故意的國家指導政策，解決產能過剩和過度產能過剩問題。