加拿大最终对中国电动汽车征收100%附加税，北京予以报复

对中国电动汽车的新关税最终于 2024 年 10 月 1 日星期二生效。早在 8 月，加拿大就宣布对电动汽车征收关税

Canada has finally imposed the new tariffs on Chinese electric vehicles (EVs) on Tuesday, October 1, 2024, fulfilling an announcement made back in August about the tariffs on EVs and select hybrid passenger cars, buses, trucks, and delivery vans.

加拿大最终于 2024 年 10 月 1 日星期二对中国电动汽车 (EV) 征收新关税，履行了 8 月份发布的有关对电动汽车和部分混合动力乘用车、公共汽车、卡车和货车征收关税的公告。

Prime Minister Justin Trudeau has called this move an attempt to “level the playing field for Canadian workers.” According to him, it will allow the country's nascent EV industry to compete not just in the domestic market but also in North America and globally.

总理贾斯汀·特鲁多称此举是“为加拿大工人创造公平竞争环境的尝试”。他表示，这将使该国新兴的电动汽车行业不仅在国内市场竞争，而且在北美和全球市场竞争。

“Actors like China have chosen to give themselves an unfair advantage in the global marketplace, compromising the security of our critical industries and displacing dedicated Canadian auto and metal workers. So, we're taking action to address that.”

“像中国这样的行为者选择在全球市场上给自己带来不公平的优势，损害我们关键行业的安全，并取代敬业的加拿大汽车和金属工人。因此，我们正在采取行动来解决这个问题。”

– Trudeau

——特鲁多

With the 100% surtax, the price of Chinese-made EVs will effectively double. As is the case with most taxes, most of them will be passed on to customers, discouraging them from purchasing imported vehicles.

征收100%附加税后，中国制造的电动汽车的价格实际上将翻倍。与大多数税收一样，其中大部分将转嫁给客户，从而阻止他们购买进口车辆。

Up until now, Canada has been imposing a 6.1% import tariff on electric vehicles that are manufactured in China.

截至目前，加拿大对中国生产的电动汽车征收6.1%的进口关税。

Last week, Minister of Finance Chrystia Freeland also said that the country is “absolutely” considering banning Chinese-made software in EVs. Freeland told reporters:

上周，财政部长克里斯蒂亚·弗里兰还表示，该国“绝对”考虑禁止电动汽车使用中国制造的软件。弗里兰告诉记者：

“We take really seriously intentional Chinese overcapacity, and we take very seriously the security threat from China. That's why we acted decisively… and we are looking at whether to impose further measures.”

“我们非常严肃地对待中国故意的产能过剩，我们也非常严肃地对待来自中国的安全威胁。这就是为什么我们果断采取行动……我们正在考虑是否采取进一步措施。”

In addition to Chinese EVs, the federal government will also be levying an additional tax of 25% on imports of aluminum and steel products from China. These taxes go into effect a couple of weeks later, on October 15.

除了中国电动汽车外，联邦政府还将对从中国进口的铝和钢铁产品征收25%的额外税。这些税收将在几周后即 10 月 15 日生效。

Late in August, the country’s Department of Finance (DOF) first announced a series of measures to protect local workers from China's unfair trade policies. Also, with this, the aim has been to be in alignment with the trading partners of Canada and prevent any trade diversions due to their recent actions.

8月下旬，该国财政部（DOF）首次宣布了一系列措施，以保护当地工人免受中国不公平贸易政策的影响。此外，此举的目的是与加拿大的贸易伙伴保持一致，防止因其最近的行动而造成任何贸易转移。

At the time, DOF noted that the local auto manufacturing industry is directly responsible for more than 125,000 good-paying Canadian jobs, while the local steel and aluminum sectors support more than 130,000 jobs across the country.

当时，财政部指出，当地汽车制造业直接为加拿大提供了超过 125,000 个高薪就业岗位，而当地钢铁和铝业则为全国提供了超过 130,000 个就业岗位。

It also pointed out that the potential of Canada’s EV supply chain is rated top in the world, driven by the country's raw materials, talented workers, clean electricity, and specialized production capabilities needed to build EVs.

报告还指出，加拿大电动汽车供应链的潜力在全球排名第一，这得益于该国原材料、优秀工人、清洁电力以及制造电动汽车所需的专业生产能力。

However, the Canadian auto sector is facing unfair competition from Chinese manufacturers, “who benefit from unfair, non-market policies and practices,” noted the government officials.

然而，加拿大汽车行业正面临来自中国制造商的不公平竞争，政府官员指出，“中国制造商受益于不公平、非市场的政策和做法”。

The intentional, state-directed policy of China—overcapacity and lack of rigorous labor and environmental standards—undermines Canada’s long-term economic prosperity and threatens the EV industry around the world, said the agency.

该机构表示，中国故意的、国家主导的政策——产能过剩以及缺乏严格的劳工和环境标准——破坏了加拿大的长期经济繁荣，并威胁到世界各地的电动汽车行业。

The DOF further announced the launch of a 30-day consultation, which would run until  October 10, concerning other sectors critical to the future prosperity of Canada. The sectors covered here are crucial minerals, semiconductors, solar products, and batteries and battery parts.

财政部还宣布启动为期 30 天的磋商，该磋商将持续到 10 月 10 日，涉及对加拿大未来繁荣至关重要的其他行业。这里涉及的行业包括重要的矿物、半导体、太阳能产品以及电池和电池零部件。

The government has also shared its plan to further limit the eligibility of its various incentives related to zero-emission vehicles to products that are made in those countries that have free trade agreements with Canada.

政府还分享了其计划，进一步限制与加拿大签订自由贸易协定的国家生产的产品获得与零排放汽车相关的各种激励措施的资格。

“This is about securing the fair, prosperous future Canadians deserve.”

“这是为了确保加拿大人应得的公平、繁荣的未来。”

– François-Philippe Champagne, Minister of Innovation, Science and Industry

– 弗朗索瓦-菲利普·香槟 (François-Philippe Champagne)，创新、科学与工业部长

Alignment with Trading Partners

与贸易伙伴保持一致

The punitive tariffs from Canada came as the industry pressured the Canadian government to copy programs in other countries. Canada’s international partners have already been responding aggressively to unfair competition in their EV industries.

加拿大征收惩罚性关税之际，该行业向加拿大政府施压，要求其复制其他国家的项目。加拿大的国际合作伙伴已经对其电动汽车行业的不公平竞争采取了积极的应对措施。

This year, the US increased tariffs on Chinese EVs—which went up from 25% to 100% for certain hybrids—along with steel and aluminum. The European Commission meanwhile began applying anti-subsidy duties on Chinese-made EVs.

今年，美国提高了对中国电动汽车的关税——某些混合动力汽车的关税从 25% 提高到 100%——以及钢铁和铝。与此同时，欧盟委员会开始对中国制造的电动汽车征收反补贴税。

So, the tariffs on Chinese EVs from Canada are similar to the initiative taken by the US. At the time, Trudeau and his cabinet also met with Jake Sullivan, the national security adviser of US President Joe Biden, who told reporters that the US wants its partners to adopt a coordinated approach to Chinese EVs.

因此，加拿大对中国电动汽车征收的关税与美国采取的举措类似。当时，特鲁多及其内阁还会见了美国总统乔·拜登的国家安全顾问杰克·沙利文，沙利文告诉记者，美国希望其合作伙伴对中国电动汽车采取协调一致的做法。

Canadian government officials meanwhile denied enacting tariffs due to US pressure and that they had already been looking into the issue for months, even before the US imposed its tariffs in May.

与此同时，加拿大政府官员否认迫于美国压力而征收关税，并表示他们甚至在美国 5 月份征收关税之前就已经研究这个问题数月了。

The government, as per a senior government official, has been concerned about the Chinese automakers flooding North America with heavily subsidized cars made amidst “abysmal” labor and environmental standards.

一位高级政府官员表示，政府一直担心中国汽车制造商向北美大量供应在“糟糕”的劳工和环境标准下生产的高额补贴汽车。

Deputy Prime Minister Freeland claims the decision was made to protect the substantial investment the government has made in domestic electric vehicle manufacturing. Ottawa, the capital city of Canada, has set aside tens of billions of dollars to support EV production at planned sites.

副总理弗里兰声称，做出这一决定是为了保护政府在国内电动汽车制造方面的大量投资。加拿大首都渥太华已拨出数百亿美元支持规划地点的电动汽车生产。

“The reality is China has an intentional state-directed policy of overcapacity and over

“现实情况是，中国有故意的国家指导政策，解决产能过剩和过度产能过剩问题。