考古學家在德國挖掘出 1,500 多枚中世紀銀幣

斯圖加特國家紀念碑保護辦公室的考古學家安德烈亞斯·哈西斯-伯納(Andreas Haasis-Berner) 在一封電子郵件中告訴《生活科學》，這一發現「是弗萊堡地區自1949年以來最大的寶藏」。

Archaeologists in Germany have unearthed more than 1,500 medieval silver coins after a citizen unexpectedly noticed what looked like "small metal plates" while digging during a construction project.

德國考古學家出土了 1,500 多枚中世紀銀幣，此前一名公民在建築工程中挖掘時意外發現了看起來像「小金屬板」的東西。

The discovery "is the biggest treasure since 1949 in the region of Freiburg," Andreas Haasis-Berner, an archaeologist at the State Office for Monument Preservation in Stuttgart, told Live Science in an email.

斯圖加特國家紀念碑保護辦公室的考古學家安德烈亞斯·哈西斯-伯納(Andreas Haasis-Berner) 在一封電子郵件中告訴《生活科學》，這一發現「是弗萊堡地區自1949年以來最大的寶藏」。

The finding, which was made in May while workers laid pipe near a swimming pool in the municipality of Glottertal, bears clues to what the mining and minting trades looked like in the area 650 years ago, according to a translated statement from the Stuttgart Regional Council.

根據斯圖加特地區委員會的一份翻譯聲明，這項發現是5 月份工人們在格洛特塔爾市的一個游泳池附近鋪設管道時發現的，為了解650 年前該地區採礦和造幣業的情況提供了線索。

Back in 1949, archaeologists in Freiburg (also known as Freiburg im Breisgau) found about 5,000 coins from around the 1280s, but no medieval coins had been found in Glottertal, which is about 6 miles (10 kilometers) northeast of Freiburg. Glottertal sits in the Black Forest mountains in an area known for its picturesque valleys and dark pine forests, which are dotted with orchards and vineyards. Freiburg was founded by the House of Zähringen, a dynasty ruled by dukes from around 1120 to 1218. When the Zähringer line ended, the city was taken over by the House of Urach.

早在1949年，考古學家在弗萊堡（又稱弗萊堡布萊斯高）發現了大約5,000枚1280年代左右的硬幣，但在弗萊堡東北約6英里（10公里）處的格洛特塔爾卻沒有發現任何中世紀硬幣。格洛特塔爾 (Glottertal) 坐落在黑森林山區，該地區以其風景如畫的山谷和漆黑的松樹林而聞名，松樹林中點綴著果園和葡萄園。弗萊堡由扎林根家族(House of Zähringen) 建立，該王朝於1120 年至1218 年左右由公爵統治。 Urach) 接手。

"Glottertal has been one of the most important mining areas for the dukes of Freiburg," Haasis-Berner said. "The site where the coins were found was a main settlement area for miners," who unearthed metals such as silver.

「格洛特塔爾一直是弗萊堡公爵最重要的礦區之一，」哈西斯-伯納說。 “發現硬幣的地點是礦工的主要聚居區”，他們挖掘出了白銀等金屬。

Related: Hoard of 100,000 centuries-old coins discovered in Japan

相關：日本發現10萬枚百年古錢幣寶藏

During the pipeline installation, Haasis-Berner received a call from Claus Völker, a Glottertal citizen who said he had found some coins during the construction project.

在管道安裝過程中，哈西斯-伯納接到格洛特塔爾市民克勞斯·沃爾克 (Claus Völker) 的電話，他說他在施工過程中發現了一些硬幣。

"The next morning, he examined the place a second time, and now, his wife found a huge amount," Haasis-Berner said. "Some hours later, I went to the place and dug about 1,000 coins." In the days after the initial discovery, a few experts were brought to the site with metal detectors. Despite the adverse weather conditions with rain and knee-deep mud, the team managed to retrieve 500 to 600 more coins.

「第二天早上，他第二次檢查了這個地方，現在，他的妻子發現了大量的東西，」哈西斯-伯納說。 「幾個小時後，我到了那個地方，挖到了大約 1000 個硬幣。”在最初發現後的幾天裡，一些專家帶著金屬探測器來到了現場。儘管天氣條件惡劣，下雨，泥漿深及及膝，團隊還是成功收回了 500 至 600 枚硬幣。

At the time the coins were minted in the 14th century, "you could have bought about 150 sheep with the coins," Haasis-Berner said in the statement.

14 世紀鑄造這些硬幣時，「你可以用這些硬幣購買大約 150 隻羊，」哈西斯-伯納在聲明中說。

After a rough cleaning of the coins, the experts determined that the coins were likely minted in the 1320s and were mainly from what is now Germany, Switzerland and France.

經過對硬幣的粗略清理後，專家們確定這些硬幣很可能是在 1320 年代鑄造的，主要來自現在的德國、瑞士和法國。

—'Extremely rare' 2,500-year-old broken silver coin unearthed near Jerusalem

——耶路撒冷附近出土的「極為罕見」的 2500 年前的破損銀幣

—Ancient Egyptian hoard of counterfeit 'dirty money' unearthed

——古埃及囤積的假「髒錢」出土

—Rare 2,100-year-old gold coin bears name of obscure ruler from pre-Roman Britain

— 擁有 2,100 年歷史的稀有金幣，上面刻有前羅馬時代不列顛無名統治者的名字

The new finding joins four similar coin hoards previously found in the greater region that date to the 1320s, Haasis-Berner said. "With these treasures, we can see which coins have been common," he said.

Haasis-Berner 表示，這項新發現與先前在更大地區發現的 1320 年代的四個類似硬幣寶藏一起。 「透過這些寶藏，我們可以看到哪些硬幣是常見的，」他說。

Importantly, the latest discovery sheds light on the Glottertal's medieval history and economy, he noted.

他指出，重要的是，最新發現揭示了格洛特塔爾的中世紀歷史和經濟。

"The evaluation of this coin hoard will enable us to make statements about the circulation of coins in Breisgau, the minting activity in the mints, the silver trade, but also the mining in Glottertal," Haasis-Berner said.

哈西斯-伯納說：“對這些錢幣寶藏的評估將使我們能夠對布賴斯高的硬幣流通、鑄幣廠的鑄造活動、白銀貿易以及格洛特塔爾的採礦情況做出陳述。”