隨著冬季臨近，阿布哈茲的加密礦工抵制政府鎮壓，與俄羅斯的關係緊張

嚴重的電力短缺加劇了持續的社會和政治挑戰，政府關閉了許多大型礦場。儘管做出了這些努力，但隨著冬季臨近，該地區仍然面臨電力短缺的問題，影響了日常生活和基本服務。

Abkhazia, a breakaway region on the Black Sea coast, is grappling with a persistent energy crisis fueled by large-scale cryptocurrency mining, despite government efforts to shut down the practice.

阿布哈茲是黑海沿岸的分離地區，儘管政府努力禁止這種做法，但該國正在努力應對大規模加密貨幣採礦引發的持續能源危機。

As winter approaches and temperatures drop, the republic is facing an acute shortage of electricity, impacting daily life and essential services. In recent months, the energy ministry, led by First Deputy Prime Minister Dzhansukh Nanba, has announced the dismantling of all major crypto mining farms.

隨著冬季臨近和氣溫下降，共和國面臨嚴重的電力短缺，影響了日常生活和基本服務。近幾個月來，由第一副總理 Dzhansukh Nanb​​a 領導的能源部宣布拆除所有主要的加密礦場。

However, smaller miners continue to operate, often tapping into the grid illegally, making it challenging for authorities to fully eradicate mining activities.

然而，規模較小的礦商仍在繼續運營，經常非法接入電網，這給當局徹底杜絕採礦活動帶來了挑戰。

“While cryptocurrency mining still exists, the main issue comes from the large farms,” Nanba stated. These farms, once widespread throughout the nation, are known to consume vast amounts of energy, contributing significantly to power outages across the republic.

Nanba 表示：“雖然加密貨幣挖礦仍然存在，但主要問題來自大型農場。”這些農場曾經遍布全國，但眾所周知，它們消耗大量能源，導致整個共和國停電。

A series of bans and allowances have marked the history of crypto mining in Abkhazia. Despite the government temporarily permitting mining in 2020, the country's fragile electrical grid was strained as energy demand skyrocketed.

一系列禁令和許可標誌著阿布哈茲加密貨幣挖礦的歷史。儘管政府在 2020 年暫時允許採礦，但隨著能源需求的飆升，該國脆弱的電網仍然緊張。

Abkhazia shares the Inguri hydropower facility with neighboring Georgia, but the plant's antiquated infrastructure and regular maintenance needs have left it unable to meet local demand. While the plant technically generates sufficient electricity for Abkhazia, substantial transmission losses reduce the supply that reaches consumers.

阿布哈茲與鄰國格魯吉亞共享因古里水力發電設施，但該工廠陳舊的基礎設施和定期維護需求使其無法滿足當地需求。雖然從技術上講，該工廠可以為阿布哈茲提供足夠的電力，但巨大的輸電損失減少了到達消費者的電力供應。

Miners attracted by the region's exceptionally low electricity costs—less than one cent per kilowatt-hour—have also driven up demand in Abkhazia, which is economically reliant on Russia. This pricing, a legacy of past conflicts, is deeply ingrained and politically challenging to adjust, with attempts to raise rates often met by public protests.

該地區極低的電力成本（每千瓦時不到一美分）吸引了礦工，這也推高了經濟上依賴俄羅斯的阿布哈茲的需求。這種定價是過去衝突的遺產，根深蒂固，調整起來具有政治挑戰性，升息的嘗試常常遭到公眾抗議。

In a bid to stabilize the power grid, the government has reinforced its ban on all mining activities until May 2022, supported by legislation that imposes heavy fines for illegal electricity use. Parliament recently extended these measures, aiming to prevent a repeat of the widespread power outages that disrupted the region over the past years.

為了穩定電網，政府加強了對所有採礦活動的禁令，直至 2022 年 5 月，並立法對非法用電處以巨額罰款。議會最近延長了這些措施，旨在防止過去幾年對該地區造成嚴重破壞的大規模停電事件再次發生。

This prohibition has prompted many institutional miners, including several Russian-backed operations, to dismantle their equipment and relocate, as reported by mining pool Sigmapool.

根據礦池 Sigmapool 報告，這項禁令促使許多機構礦工（包括幾家俄羅斯支持的礦場）拆除設備並搬遷。

However, local miners pose a unique challenge. Many operate small-scale setups in their homes and farms, often evading detection by authorities. According to political expert Tengiz Jopua, crypto mining has become a substantial income source for Abkhazians, especially in rural areas with limited economic opportunities.

然而，當地礦工提出了獨特的挑戰。許多人在自己的家中和農場經營小型設施，常常逃避當局的偵查。政治專家 Tengiz Jopua 表示，加密貨幣挖礦已成為阿布哈茲人的重要收入來源，特別是在經濟機會有限的農村地區。

This has fostered a thriving underground market for mining hardware, with residents reportedly selling assets like cattle to purchase mining rigs. In 2021, Vice reported on two YouTube videos posted by Abkhazia's Ministry of Internal Affairs, showcasing raids on several Bitcoin mining operations that were illegally connected to the power grid.

這催生了一個繁榮的採礦硬體地下市場，據報道，居民出售牛等資產來購買採礦設備。 2021 年，Vice 報導了阿布哈茲內政部發布的兩段 YouTube 視頻，展示了對多個非法連接電網的比特幣挖礦作業的突襲行動。

Officials there had “identified a large cryptocurrency mining facility in a village” and several that were illegally connected to the power grid, a narrator announces in one of the videos. According to the government of Abkhazia, they have shut down a total of eight mining operations in recent weeks.

解說員在一段影片中宣布，那裡的官員“在一個村莊裡發現了一個大型加密貨幣挖礦設施”，還有幾個非法連接到電網的設施。據阿布哈茲政府稱，最近幾週他們總共關閉了八個採礦作業。

The close-knit nature of Abkhazian communities, where news of government raids spreads quickly, enabling miners to conceal or disable their equipment, has hindered the government's efforts to enforce the mining ban.

阿布哈茲社區關係緊密，政府突襲搜查的消息很快就傳開，使礦工能夠隱藏或禁用他們的設備，這阻礙了政府執行採礦禁令的努力。

Despite periodic police raids and attempts to block internet access to mining pools, many residents continue to find ways to circumvent restrictions and keep their operations running.

儘管警方定期進行突襲並試圖阻止對礦池的互聯網訪問，但許多居民仍在尋找規避限制並保持運營運行的方法。

The government's latest crackdown has resulted in the shutdown of several large facilities, including those located on government-owned properties. However, the effectiveness of these measures remains uncertain. Some industry insiders, like Jakhon Khabilov of Sigmapool, believe the government may reintroduce regulated mining once repairs on the Inguri hydropower plant improve the electricity supply.

政府最新的打擊行動導致多個大型設施關閉，其中包括位於政府所有財產上的設施。然而，這些措施的有效性仍不確定。 Sigmapool 的 Jakhon Khabilov 等一些業內人士認為，一旦因古里水電站的修復改善了電力供應，政府可能會重新引入受監管的採礦業。

Russia, Abkhazia's key ally, has previously stepped in to help alleviate the region's energy crisis by providing surplus electricity. However, Russia now faces similar issues with crypto mining, particularly in areas like the Russian Far East and Southern Siberia.

阿布哈茲的主要盟友俄羅斯先前曾介入，透過提供剩餘電力來幫助緩解該地區的能源危機。然而，俄羅斯現在在加密貨幣開採方面也面臨類似的問題，特別是在俄羅斯遠東和西伯利亞南部等地區。

Earlier this year, Russian Deputy Energy Minister Yevgeny Grabchak hinted at potential regional mining bans within Russia, further complicating Abkhazia's reliance on its neighbor for emergency power supplies.

今年早些時候，俄羅斯能源部副部長葉夫根尼·格拉布恰克暗示俄羅斯境內可能實施區域性採礦禁令，這使得阿布哈茲對其鄰國緊急電力供應的依賴更加複雜。

As Abkhazia navigates these challenges, the government's crackdown on crypto mining highlights broader struggles faced by self-governing regions with limited resources. With escalating electricity demands and a population deeply impacted by mining, Abkhazia's path forward remains uncertain.

在阿布哈茲應對這些挑戰時，政府對加密貨幣挖礦的打擊凸顯了資源有限的自治地區面臨的更廣泛的鬥爭。隨著電力需求不斷上升，人口深受採礦業影響，阿布哈茲的前進道路仍充滿不確定性。

The energy crisis underscores the intricate dynamics of digital economies in regions with脆弱基础设施, where even a single bitcoin can come at a high societal cost.

能源危機凸顯了基礎設施薄弱地區數位經濟的複雜動態，在這些地區，即使是單一比特幣也會付出高昂的社會成本。