Widening Economic Divide: Wealthy Enrich Themselves Amid Global Crisis

Analysis by Oxfam reveals that since 2020, the wealthy class has experienced a significant surge in dividend payments, while worker wages have remained stagnant. Global dividend payments to rich shareholders have outpaced worker pay in 31 countries, accounting for 81% of global GDP. Between 2020 and 2023, dividends jumped 45% in real terms, while wages only rose 3%. The richest 1% have benefited greatly from stock ownership, pocketing an average of $9,000 in dividends in 2023, a sum that takes the average worker eight months to earn.

The Widening Economic Divide: A Global Crisis Fueled by the Enrichment of the Wealthy

In the words of billionaire investor Warren Buffett, "There's class warfare, all right, but it's my class, the rich class, that's making war, and we're winning." This stark reality is brought into sharp focus by compelling new data released by Oxfam ahead of International Workers' Day.

The analysis unveils a staggering trend: since 2020, the wealthy elite, the "rich class" as Buffett terms them, have amassed extraordinary gains, leaving workers in the dust. In 31 countries, home to 81% of the world's GDP, global dividend payments to affluent shareholders have soared at a blistering pace—14 times faster than worker compensation between 2020 and 2023.

Global corporate dividends are projected to shatter the previous record of $1.66 trillion set last year. Dividend payouts to wealthy shareholders have skyrocketed by 45% in real terms during the same period, while workers' wages have risen by a mere 3%. The wealthiest 1%, by virtue of their stock ownership alone, pocketed an average of $9,000 in dividends in 2023—an amount that the average worker would take eight months to earn through wages.

This widening gap is of profound significance because it fuels the inequality crisis that plagues our societies. As returns on capital outpace returns on labor, the gulf between the haves and have-nots will inevitably deepen. The core of our economic system revolves around a perpetual struggle between capital owners and workers. The true measure of progress lies in the equitable distribution of the fruits of labor, empowering workers and their families, or conversely, in the concentration of these benefits in the hands of capital owners, exacerbating inequality.

For the majority of the world's population, the post-2020 era has been marked by immense hardship. The pandemic dealt a devastating blow, claiming millions of lives and plunging countless more into destitution. The subsequent surge in the cost of food and essential goods has created a relentless strain on households worldwide, forcing families to make difficult choices between purchasing necessities like fuel, bread, and flour. In Malawi, where I once lived, friends struggle daily to stay afloat. Here in the UK, millions rely on food banks to stave off hunger. On a global scale, poverty remains higher than pre-pandemic levels, and inequality between the developed world and the Global South has widened for the first time in three decades.

In stark contrast to the plight of ordinary citizens, the wealthy elite have flourished in the years since 2020. Billionaires, numbering around 3,000 globally, are among the largest shareholders. A staggering seven out of ten of the world's largest corporations have a billionaire CEO or principal shareholder. Over the past decade, billionaire wealth has grown by an average of 7% annually. This growth rate has accelerated to 11.5% per year since 2020.

The term "shareholders" evokes a sense of democratic participation, but this notion is far removed from reality. In truth, the majority of shares and all other financial assets are concentrated in the hands of a privileged few. Research in 24 OECD countries reveals that the wealthiest 10% of households own a staggering 85% of total capital assets, including company shares, mutual funds, and businesses, while the bottom 40% possess a mere 4%. In the United States, the richest 1% controls 44.6% of financial assets, while the poorest 50% hold a minuscule 1%.

Compounding this wealth concentration, the ownership of assets is dominated by men and white individuals. In the US, 89% of shares are owned by whites, 1.1% by Black people, and a mere 0.5% by Hispanics. Similarly, globally, only one in three businesses is owned by women. As a result, the burgeoning returns to shareholders primarily benefit the already affluent, further widening the economic divide.

Addressing this inequality crisis requires multifaceted solutions. A robust approach would encompass significantly increasing taxes on the super-rich. Encouragingly, Brazil, which chairs the G20 this year, has placed tax reform on the agenda. Additionally, President Biden has reiterated his support for a new billionaire tax.

However, taxation serves as a remedy after the fact. The cornerstone of our efforts should be to prevent the economy from creating such vast disparities in the first place. Empowering workers is a crucial step in this direction. The fruits of labor should be enjoyed by those who toil, not by those who, as John Stuart Mill observed, "grow rich in their sleep without working, risking or economising." This can only be achieved through increased worker organization and the assertion of worker power. History has shown that high levels of worker power coincide with low inequality. As the International Monetary Fund has noted, declining union membership has directly contributed to the concentration of wealth at the top.

Amid this backdrop, the resurgence of strikes and the growing voice and power of workers in recent years represent a beacon of hope. While still a fraction of what is required to tip the scales in favor of workers, a new generation is awakening to the transformative power of organizing. Generation Z displays the highest level of support for unions among living generations. From autoworkers in the US to garment workers in Bangladesh, workers are rising up against their employers, demanding a fairer, more equitable world.

Workers worldwide must seize the reins of change and pull the levers of power back towards themselves. In doing so, they will shape the political and economic landscape towards a new era of equality.