康奈尔大学毕业生和暗物质先驱的维拉·鲁宾（Vera Rubin）将在美国季度举行

维拉·库珀（Vera Cooper Rubin）博士通过美国造币厂于2022年发起的美国妇女区计划获得了荣誉

The astronomers at Cornell University in New York are no strangers to groundbreaking discoveries, and one alumna’s contributions to science will now be honored on a U.S. quarter.

纽约康奈尔大学的天文学家对开创性的发现并不陌生，而一个校友对科学的贡献现在将在美国季度获得荣誉。

Dr. Vera Cooper Rubin has been selected for the accolade through the American Women Quarters Program, which is launched by the U.S. Mint and the Smithsonian American Women’s History Museum. The program began in 2022 to highlight the contributions of women throughout history with a new individual design on the quarter’s reverse side.

维拉·库珀·鲁宾（Vera Cooper Rubin）博士已通过美国造币厂和史密森尼美国妇女历史博物馆发起的美国妇女区计划被选为荣誉。该计划始于2022年，目的是在整个历史上以新的个人设计在该季度的背面进行了新的个人设计。

Also being honored in 2025, the program’s final year, is athlete Althea Gibson, Girl Scouts founder Juliette Gordon Low, disabilities activist Stacey Park Milbern and journalist and suffragist Ida B. Wells. The five new quarter designs will be rolling out over the next several months.

该计划的最后一年也是2025年的荣誉，是运动员Althea Gibson，女童子军创始人Juliette Gordon Low，残疾人激进主义者Stacey Park Milbern以及记者以及Submragist Ida B. Wells。五个新季度设计将在接下来的几个月中推出。

According to Cornell’s alumni publication Cornellians, which first reported on the news of the astronomers being named to the program, Rubin graduated from Cornell in 1942 and later went on to uncover the existence of dark matter. It was in 1985 that she presented her findings to the International Astronomical Union.

根据康奈尔（Cornell）的校友出版物康奈尔人（Cornellians）的报道，该出版物首次报道了该计划的天文学家的消息，鲁宾于1942年从康奈尔（Cornell）毕业，后来又揭示了《暗物质》的存在。 1985年，她向国际天文学联盟提出了自己的发现。

At the time, scientists viewed the universe as expanding after the Big Bang, and they thought that astronomers could chart the motion of galaxies within this expanding model. However, Cornellians reports that astronomers discovered a "peculiar velocity" in galaxies that couldn't be explained by the standard model at the time.

当时，科学家将宇宙视为在大爆炸之后扩展，他们认为天文学家可以在这种扩展模型中绘制星系的运动。但是，康奈尔人报告说，天文学家在星系中发现了一个“奇特的速度”，当时标准模型无法解释。

But Rubin’s research, which spanned several decades, uncovered the motion of galaxies in greater detail. Through her observations of light from distant galaxies, she and her colleagues discovered that the outer edges of galaxies rotate at nearly the same speed as their inner edges.

但是鲁宾的研究跨越了几十年，它更详细地发现了星系的运动。通过对遥远星系的光的观察，她和她的同事们发现，星系的外边缘以与内部边缘几乎相同的速度旋转。

This finding, which was presented at the IAU in 1985, upended scientists’ conceptions of the universe and opened new pathways for astronomy and physics research. It also led to further studies that ultimately confirmed the existence of dark matter, which is a mysterious substance that is thought to make up the majority of the universe’s mass.

这一发现于1985年在IAU上提出，这使科学家对宇宙的概念颠覆，并为天文学和物理研究开辟了新的途径。这也导致了进一步的研究，最终证实了暗物质的存在，这是一种神秘的物质，被认为构成了宇宙大部分质量。

For her contributions to science, Rubin was later named a U.S. National Medal of Science in 1993 and went on to receive the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society in 2002. She passed away in 2016 at the age of 88.

由于对科学的贡献，鲁宾后来在1993年被评为美国国家科学奖章，并于2002年获得了皇家天文学会的金牌。她于2016年去世，享年88岁。

In addition to being recognized for her groundbreaking research, Rubin is also the first Cornell alumna to be pictured on a circulating U.S. coin, and she is the only astronomer to be featured on a circulating coin, according to the former director of the American Numismatic Association Money Museum Jay Beeton.

根据美国钱币货币协会前总监Jay Beeton的前总监说，除了因其开创性的研究而受到突破性研究的认可外，鲁宾还是第一个在流行的美国硬币上合影的康奈尔校友，她是唯一在流通硬币上亮相的天文学家。