康奈爾大學畢業生和暗物質先驅的維拉·魯賓（Vera Rubin）將在美國季度舉行

維拉·庫珀（Vera Cooper Rubin）博士通過美國造幣廠於2022年發起的美國婦女區計劃獲得了榮譽

The astronomers at Cornell University in New York are no strangers to groundbreaking discoveries, and one alumna’s contributions to science will now be honored on a U.S. quarter.

紐約康奈爾大學的天文學家對開創性的發現並不陌生，而一個校友對科學的貢獻現在將在美國季度獲得榮譽。

Dr. Vera Cooper Rubin has been selected for the accolade through the American Women Quarters Program, which is launched by the U.S. Mint and the Smithsonian American Women’s History Museum. The program began in 2022 to highlight the contributions of women throughout history with a new individual design on the quarter’s reverse side.

維拉·庫珀·魯賓（Vera Cooper Rubin）博士已通過美國造幣廠和史密森尼美國婦女歷史博物館發起的美國婦女區計劃被選為榮譽。該計劃始於2022年，目的是在整個歷史上以新的個人設計在該季度的背面進行了新的個人設計。

Also being honored in 2025, the program’s final year, is athlete Althea Gibson, Girl Scouts founder Juliette Gordon Low, disabilities activist Stacey Park Milbern and journalist and suffragist Ida B. Wells. The five new quarter designs will be rolling out over the next several months.

該計劃的最後一年也是2025年的榮譽，是運動員Althea Gibson，女童子軍創始人Juliette Gordon Low，殘疾人激進主義者Stacey Park Milbern以及記者以及Submragist Ida B. Wells。五個新季度設計將在接下來的幾個月中推出。

According to Cornell’s alumni publication Cornellians, which first reported on the news of the astronomers being named to the program, Rubin graduated from Cornell in 1942 and later went on to uncover the existence of dark matter. It was in 1985 that she presented her findings to the International Astronomical Union.

根據康奈爾（Cornell）的校友出版物康奈爾人（Cornellians）的報導，該出版物首次報導了該計劃的天文學家的消息，魯賓於1942年從康奈爾（Cornell）畢業，後來又揭示了《暗物質》的存在。 1985年，她向國際天文學聯盟提出了自己的發現。

At the time, scientists viewed the universe as expanding after the Big Bang, and they thought that astronomers could chart the motion of galaxies within this expanding model. However, Cornellians reports that astronomers discovered a "peculiar velocity" in galaxies that couldn't be explained by the standard model at the time.

當時，科學家將宇宙視為在大爆炸之後擴展，他們認為天文學家可以在這種擴展模型中繪製星系的運動。但是，康奈爾人報告說，天文學家在星系中發現了一個“奇特的速度”，當時標準模型無法解釋。

But Rubin’s research, which spanned several decades, uncovered the motion of galaxies in greater detail. Through her observations of light from distant galaxies, she and her colleagues discovered that the outer edges of galaxies rotate at nearly the same speed as their inner edges.

但是魯賓的研究跨越了幾十年，它更詳細地發現了星系的運動。通過對遙遠星系的光的觀察，她和她的同事們發現，星系的外邊緣以與內部邊緣幾乎相同的速度旋轉。

This finding, which was presented at the IAU in 1985, upended scientists’ conceptions of the universe and opened new pathways for astronomy and physics research. It also led to further studies that ultimately confirmed the existence of dark matter, which is a mysterious substance that is thought to make up the majority of the universe’s mass.

這一發現於1985年在IAU上提出，這使科學家對宇宙的概念顛覆，並為天文學和物理研究開闢了新的途徑。這也導致了進一步的研究，最終證實了暗物質的存在，這是一種神秘的物質，被認為構成了宇宙大部分質量。

For her contributions to science, Rubin was later named a U.S. National Medal of Science in 1993 and went on to receive the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society in 2002. She passed away in 2016 at the age of 88.

由於對科學的貢獻，魯賓後來在1993年被評為美國國家科學獎章，並於2002年獲得了皇家天文學會的金牌。她於2016年去世，享年88歲。

In addition to being recognized for her groundbreaking research, Rubin is also the first Cornell alumna to be pictured on a circulating U.S. coin, and she is the only astronomer to be featured on a circulating coin, according to the former director of the American Numismatic Association Money Museum Jay Beeton.

根據美國錢幣貨幣協會前總監Jay Beeton的前總監說，除了因其開創性的研究而受到突破性研究的認可外，魯賓還是第一個在流行的美國硬幣上合影的康奈爾校友，她是唯一在流通硬幣上亮相的天文學家。