揭晓：银先令解锁殖民地关系和令人毛骨悚然的处决

马里兰州出土的一枚罕见的银先令具有重要的历史联系。这枚硬币描绘了国王查理一世，于 1633 年至 1634 年左右在伦敦塔铸造，并在圣玛丽堡的墙内被发现。研究人员认为，这枚硬币可能是 1634 年抵达的一位最初的美国殖民者携带的，这为确定该地点的年代提供了重要证据。先令的制造商标记也将其与皇室联系在一起，为圣玛丽堡及其居民的迷人故事增添了色彩。

Archaeological Discovery Unravels Historic Connections and a Gruesome Tale

考古发现揭开了历史联系和可怕的故事

In a remarkable archaeological discovery that has captivated historians and numismatists alike, a rare and ancient silver shilling has emerged from the depths of Maryland's soil, shedding new light on the connections between royalty, colonization, and a gruesome execution.

这是一项令历史学家和钱币学家着迷的非凡考古发现，一枚罕见而古老的银先令从马里兰州的土壤深处出现，为人们了解皇室、殖民和可怕的处决之间的联系提供了新的线索。

The silver shilling, dating back nearly 400 years, depicts King Charles I of England, adorned with a goatee and a lace collar. Its discovery within what is believed to be the confines of the St. Mary's Fort in Maryland ignited a chain of research that has unlocked fascinating insights into the early colonial era.

这枚银先令的历史可以追溯到近 400 年前，上面描绘的是英格兰国王查理一世，留着山羊胡，穿着蕾丝衣领。它的发现据信是在马里兰州圣玛丽堡的范围内，引发了一系列研究，为早期殖民时代提供了令人着迷的见解。

Researchers believe that the coin, minted with a telltale "mint mark," was likely dropped by one of the original colonists who arrived in the fledgling Maryland colony in 1634. This remarkable artifact serves as a tangible reminder of the settlers' presence and the hardships they endured in establishing a new life in the wilderness.

研究人员认为，这枚带有明显“铸币标记”的硬币很可能是 1634 年抵达马里兰州新兴殖民地的一位原始殖民者掉落的。这件非凡的文物切实地提醒人们殖民者的存在和艰辛他们在旷野中坚持不懈地建立新的生活。

The obverse side of the shilling bears the image of King Charles I, a monarch whose reign was marked by both controversy and tragedy. Born in 1600 at Dunfermline Castle in Scotland, Charles I ascended to the throne in 1625. His reign was characterized by conflict, including power struggles with Parliament, religious tensions, and ultimately, the outbreak of the English Civil War.

先令的正面刻有查理一世国王的肖像，这位君主的统治充满了争议和悲剧。查理一世于 1600 年出生于苏格兰邓弗姆林城堡，于 1625 年登基。他的统治充满了冲突，包括与议会的权力斗争、宗教紧张局势，以及最终爆发的英国内战。

In a gruesome twist of fate, King Charles I's reign came to an abrupt and violent end in 1649. He was captured by Parliamentarian forces and sentenced to death for high treason. On January 30, 1649, he was publicly beheaded in London, an event that sent shockwaves throughout the nation and beyond.

命运的可怕转折使查理一世国王的统治于 1649 年突然暴力结束。他被议会军队抓获，并因叛国罪被判处死刑。 1649 年 1 月 30 日，他在伦敦被公开斩首，这一事件在全国内外引起了震动。

The reverse side of the silver shilling features a miniature image of a castle portcullis, a formidable gate often used to protect the entrances of castles in medieval England. The portcullis symbolized strength and security, guarding against invasion and ensuring the well-being of the castle's inhabitants.

银先令的背面有一个城堡吊闸的微型图像，这是一种强大的大门，通常用于保护中世纪英格兰城堡的入口。吊闸象征着力量和安全，防止入侵并确保城堡居民的福祉。

Another notable aspect of the coin is the presence of a coat of arms and the Latin motto "Christo Auspice Regno," which translates to "I Reign Under the Auspices of Christ." This phrase reflects the monarch's belief in the divine right of kings, a concept prevalent during that era.

硬币的另一个值得注意的方面是徽章和拉丁语座右铭“Christo Auspice Regno”的存在，翻译过来就是“我在基督的支持下统治”。这句话反映了君主对国王神圣权利的信仰，这是那个时代盛行的观念。

According to Travis Parno, the chief project archaeologist, the shilling bears a "maker's mark" on both sides, indicating that it was struck in the royal mint within the Tower of London around 1633 or 1634. This discovery further solidifies the coin's connection to the early colonial period and provides valuable evidence for the dating of the St. Mary's Fort site.

据首席项目考古学家特拉维斯·帕诺 (Travis Parno) 称，这枚先令的两面都带有“制造商标记”，表明它是在 1633 年或 1634 年左右在伦敦塔内的皇家造币厂铸造的。这一发现进一步巩固了该硬币与先令的联系。早期殖民时期，为圣玛丽堡遗址的年代测定提供了宝贵的证据。

The St. Mary's Fort, located in southern Maryland, holds a pivotal place in Maryland's history. It was the first permanent European settlement in the colony and served as a vital outpost for the surrounding area. For decades, researchers have meticulously excavated the site, hoping to uncover clues to its rich past.

圣玛丽堡位于马里兰州南部，在马里兰州历史上占有举足轻重的地位。它是欧洲在该殖民地的第一个永久定居点，也是周边地区的重要前哨基地。几十年来，研究人员精心挖掘了该遗址，希望能找到有关其丰富历史的线索。

Prior to the discovery of the silver shilling, the precise date of the fort's establishment remained elusive. However, a breakthrough occurred in 2018 when a grant from the Maryland Historical Trust enabled Parno to employ a geophysicist and conduct a comprehensive ground-penetrating radar survey.

在发现银先令之前，堡垒建立的确切日期仍然难以捉摸。然而，2018 年出现了突破，马里兰州历史信托基金会的拨款使帕诺能够聘请一名地球物理学家并进行全面的探地雷达调查。

Ironic as it may seem, Parno had previously joked with his archaeological team about finding tangible proof to date the site. "If you could find me a coin that has 1634 on it, that would be helpful," he had quipped. Little did he know that fate would soon deliver such a prized artifact.

尽管看起来很讽刺，帕诺此前曾与他的考古团队开玩笑说要找到确凿的证据来确定该遗址的年代。 “如果你能为我找到一枚刻有 1634 的硬币，那就太好了，”他打趣道。他不知道命运很快就会送来这样一件珍贵的文物。

The discovery of the King Charles I silver shilling within the confines of the fort provided definitive evidence that the area was indeed inhabited during the early colonial period. The coin's presence offers a tangible connection to the settlers who arrived in 1634, their hopes and dreams intertwined with the establishment of a new colony in the untamed wilderness.

在堡垒范围内发现的查理一世国王银先令提供了明确的证据，证明该地区在早期殖民时期确实有人居住。这枚硬币的存在为 1634 年抵达的定居者提供了切实的联系，他们的希望和梦想与在未开化的荒野中建立新殖民地的愿望和梦想交织在一起。

Archaeologist Travis Parno emphasized that the silver shilling likely belonged to an individual with substantial disposable income, a person of means who was likely connected to the early colonial elite. Its discovery sheds light on the presence of social hierarchy and economic disparities within the fledgling settlement.

考古学家特拉维斯·帕诺强调，这些银先令可能属于一个拥有大量可支配收入的人，一个有钱人，可能与早期殖民精英有联系。它的发现揭示了这个新兴定居点中社会等级制度和经济差距的存在。

The discovery of the silver shilling has generated widespread excitement among historians and numismatists. It has become a key dating tool, helping researchers to establish a more precise timeline for the occupation of the St. Mary's Fort site and the early days of Maryland's colonial era.

银先令的发现引起了历史学家和钱币学家的广泛兴奋。它已成为一种重要的年代测定工具，帮助研究人员为圣玛丽堡遗址的占领和马里兰州殖民时代的早期建立更精确的时间表。

Beyond the silver shilling, archaeologists have uncovered a trove of valuable artifacts during their excavations at the St. Mary's Fort site. These include the skeleton of a teenager, suggesting the presence of young settlers, as well as a guardhouse's brick cellar and a trigger guard for a musket, hinting at the fort's defensive nature.

除了银先令之外，考古学家在圣玛丽堡遗址的挖掘过程中还发现了一批珍贵的文物。其中包括青少年的骨架，表明年轻定居者的存在，以及警卫室的砖砌地窖和步枪扳机护圈，暗示了堡垒的防御性质。

Other significant discoveries include a 4,500-year-old quartzite arrowhead, a testament to the area's pre-colonial history, and a "tinkling cone," a small piece of copper with a leather cord used in trade between Indigenous peoples and colonists.

其他重大发现包括一个有 4,500 年历史的石英岩箭头，它证明了该地区前殖民历史，以及一个“叮当作响的锥体”，这是一块带有皮绳的小铜片，用于原住民和殖民者之间的贸易。

Just last month, archaeologists unearthed a rare piece of body armor at the site, designed to safeguard the wearer's thighs during battle. An X-ray examination revealed the presence of three hearts engraved into the armor, a poignant reminder of the human lives entangled in the conflict and bloodshed that shaped the early colonial era.

就在上个月，考古学家在现场发现了一件罕见的防弹衣，旨在在战斗中保护穿着者的大腿。 X射线检查显示，盔甲上刻有三颗心，这令人心酸地提醒人们，在塑造早期殖民时代的冲突和流血中，人类的生命被卷入其中。

The ongoing excavations at the St. Mary's Fort site promise to yield further insights into the complex tapestry of Maryland's colonial history. Researchers continue their meticulous exploration, unearthing artifacts that illuminate the lives, struggles, and triumphs of those who came before them.

圣玛丽堡遗址正在进行的挖掘工作有望进一步了解马里兰州复杂的殖民历史。研究人员继续进行细致的探索，挖掘出一些文物，这些文物照亮了前人的生活、斗争和胜利。

As each new discovery is made, it contributes to our understanding of the past. The silver shilling, with its intricate details and poignant connections to royalty, executions, and colonization, stands as a remarkable testament to the power of archaeological research, enriching our collective knowledge of history and human existence.

每一个新的发现都有助于我们对过去的理解。银先令以其复杂的细节以及与皇室、处决和殖民化的深刻联系，成为考古研究力量的非凡证明，丰富了我们对历史和人类存在的集体知识。