数字时代的国家安全：比特币、地缘政治和 21 世纪的利害关系

随着比特币成熟为一种制度力量，下一个重点是民族国家的采用。随着各国之间的竞争日益激烈

As Bitcoin matures into an institutional force, the next logical step is its adoption by nation-states. With the increasing polarization in the world, good writing on Bitcoin and statecraft can help define the lines of engagement. A new book, National Security In The Digital Age, serves that purpose by presenting individual chapters on various aspects of the topic, written by experts on the bleeding edge of statecraft and Bitcoin. This book is perfect for legislators and policymakers to understand the unique advantages of Bitcoin.

随着比特币成熟为一种制度力量，下一个合乎逻辑的步骤是它被民族国家采用。随着世界两极分化的加剧，关于比特币和治国方略的优秀文章可以帮助定义接触线。一本新书《数字时代的国家安全》通过介绍该主题各个方面的各个章节来实现这一目的，这些章节是由最前沿的治国方略和比特币专家撰写的。这本书非常适合立法者和政策制定者了解比特币的独特优势。

1. We are at a unique geopolitical moment, where the dollar system since 1973 is being challenged by new technology.

1. 我们正处于一个独特的地缘政治时刻，自 1973 年以来的美元体系正受到新技术的挑战。

Most writers refer to the dominant position of the United States in overseeing the US dollar system and its consequences. Since 1973, when President Nixon took the US dollar off the gold standard, global demand for fiat-driven US dollars and US debt has been the cornerstone of the world economy. This has led to unanticipated consequences, however, perhaps the most significant being the migration outwards of the manufacturing base of the United States to a more globally distributed economy - a shift that has primarily benefited China. China now has the capacity to manufacture military goods like ships at a very rapid pace and has become a near-peer that can challenge US military supremacy. Notably, China and Russia are now working together in many ways, with China providing CBDC and M-Bridge coverage to create a hedge against US dollar sanctions, while Russia provides kinetic cover with private military companies in Africa.

大多数作者都提到美国在监督美元体系方面的主导地位及其后果。自1973年尼克松总统取消美元金本位制以来，全球对法定美元和美国债务的需求一直是世界经济的基石。然而，这导致了意想不到的后果，也许最重要的是美国的制造业基地向外迁移到更加全球化的经济体——这一转变主要使中国受益。中国现在拥有以非常快的速度制造船舶等军用产品的能力，并已成为可以挑战美国军事霸主地位的近乎同等水平的国家。值得注意的是，中国和俄罗斯现在正在以多种方式合作，中国提供 CBDC 和 M-Bridge 保险，以对冲美元制裁，而俄罗斯则与非洲私营军事公司提供动态保险。

However, the world is pulling away from that system because of the sanctions on Russia and other factors. The US dollar share of foreign reserves is at a low not seen for a few decades. Can Tether and US-dollar stablecoins provide some amount of cover as bottoms-up demand for the US dollar (eurodollar system) blossoms, as Matthew Pines brings up? Does Bitcoin play a role in wrestling away Middle Eastern countries from China, as Robert Malka wonders? What will happen in Africa, an emerging energy superpower, documented by Ben Kincaid?

然而，由于对俄罗斯的制裁和其他因素，世界正在远离该体系。美元在外汇储备中所占的份额处于几十年来的最低水平。正如马修·派恩斯 (Matthew Pines) 所言，随着美元（欧洲美元体系）自下而上的需求蓬勃发展，Tether 和美元稳定币能否提供一定程度的保障？正如罗伯特·马尔卡（Robert Malka）想知道的那样，比特币是否在中东国家与中国的抗争中发挥了作用？本·金凯德 (Ben Kincaid) 记录的非洲这个新兴能源超级大国将会发生什么？

2. Techno-authoritarianism vs. freedomtech, like Bitcoin and Nostr, is a defining battle being played out in many continents

2. 技术威权主义与自由技术（如比特币和 Nostr）之间的斗争正在许多大洲上演

While the first chapter focuses on the Great Power Conflict, namely how China has bent the US monetary system to its advantage, the second focuses on Africa and the “African village” and the roots of bottoms-up adoption of Bitcoin vs. central bank digital currencies like the e-Naira. Fedimint offers a view of leveraging the democratic concepts of the “African village” through groups of peers transacting with one another in Bitcoin.

第一章聚焦于大国冲突，即中国如何使美国货币体系向自己有利，而第二章则聚焦于非洲和“非洲村”，以及自下而上采用比特币与央行数字货币的根源。货币，如电子奈拉。 Fedimint 提供了一种通过同行群体之间用比特币进行交易来利用“非洲村庄”民主概念的观点。

This angle is especially interesting because it highlights how Bitcoin mining can accelerate the escalating growth of energy across the continent (seen, for example, through projects like Gridless). This global conflict comes to the Middle East as the energy superpowers of the 20th century aim to welcome new technologies like Bitcoin while maintaining political control. China’s export of technical standards for the mobile Internet, central bank digital currencies, and digital authoritarianism worldwide are cited in detail.

这个角度特别有趣，因为它强调了比特币挖矿如何加速整个非洲大陆能源的不断增长（例如，通过无网格等项目可以看出）。这场全球冲突来到了中东，因为 20 世纪的能源超级大国希望在保持政治控制的同时欢迎比特币等新技术。详细列举了中国向全球输出的移动互联网、央行数字货币、数字威权主义的技术标准。

But the United States still has a dollar advantage, and the book argues through the use of many experts - with the shift to electricity being the dominant force, it can employ Bitcoin mining, a renewed look at nuclear power, and the right policy towards grid management to create an alternative. The ability to leverage freedomtech like Bitcoin just as the United States embraced neutral cryptography, email and Internet standards (eventually) could serve national security interests.

但美国仍然拥有美元优势，本书通过多位专家的论证论证——随着向电力的转变成为主导力量，它可以采用比特币挖矿、重新审视核电以及对电网的正确政策管理层创造替代方案。正如美国最终采用中立密码学、电子邮件和互联网标准一样，利用比特币等自由技术的能力可以服务于国家安全利益。

The most interesting thread is how Bitcoin and adjacent technology like Nostr have pools of bottoms-up demand that are resistant to top-down force from those looking to hedge against CBDCs to merchants looking for lower transaction fees. As China’s Bitcoin mining ban fails to dent Bitcoin’s effect, which is detailed in an entire chapter, it’s clear this discussion is ongoing.

最有趣的线索是比特币和 Nostr 等邻近技术如何拥有自下而上的需求池，这些需求池能够抵抗来自那些寻求对冲 CBDC 的人到寻求较低交易费用的商家的自上而下的力量。由于中国的比特币挖矿禁令未能削弱比特币的影响（这一点在整个章节中都有详细介绍），因此很明显这种讨论仍在继续。

3. Bitcoin, not “crypto”

3. 比特币，而不是“加密货币”

The book seems intended for policymakers mostly - it weaves sophisticated arguments about geopolitics into an accessible introduction to the energy dynamics of Bitcoin mining with very specific examples of how it works with ERCOT, the Texas grid, and how it can stabilize the grid with expert advice from Pierre Rochard, VP of Research at Riot. An entire chapter is devoted to “illicit finance” and the tradeoffs between Bitcoin existing with the traditional financial world and a place where nation-states move money for nefarious reasons contrary to American interests, as well as the anonymity of cash versus the pseudonymous nature of Bitcoin.

这本书似乎主要是为政策制定者准备的——它将有关地缘政治的复杂论点编织成对比特币挖矿能源动态的简单易懂的介绍，并提供了非常具体的例子，说明它如何与德克萨斯州电网 ERCOT 合作，以及如何通过专家建议稳定电网来自 Riot 研究副总裁 Pierre Rochard。整整一章专门讨论“非法金融”，以及比特币与传统金融世界的存在与民族国家出于违背美国利益的邪恶原因转移资金的地方之间的权衡，以及现金的匿名性与现金的匿名性之间的权衡。比特币。

The beginning of the book dives deeply into the geopolitics of Bitcoin - the middle is more technical and is meant to explain different facets of Bitcoin, Bitcoin mining, and the Lightning Network to people, along with various use cases such as creating and stabilizing energy grids. Towards the latter end, we see the real power of Bitcoin - creating a neutral platform that can redress the lack of trust after generations of racial bias (per Ian Gaines), a lower transaction cost for remittances, and navigating healthcare, inflation, and corrupt officials in Africa.

本书的开头深入探讨了比特币的地缘政治，中间则更具技术性，旨在向人们解释比特币、比特币挖矿和闪电网络的不同方面，以及各种用例，例如创建和稳定能源网络。到了最后，我们看到了比特币的真正力量——创建一个中立的平台，可以纠正几代种族偏见后缺乏信任的问题（根据伊恩·盖恩斯），降低汇款交易成本，并解决医疗保健、通货膨胀和腐败问题非洲官员。

The book makes

这本书让