數位時代的國家安全：比特幣、地緣政治與 21 世紀的利害關係

隨著比特幣成熟為一種制度力量，下一個重點是民族國家的採用。隨著各國之間的競爭日益激烈

As Bitcoin matures into an institutional force, the next logical step is its adoption by nation-states. With the increasing polarization in the world, good writing on Bitcoin and statecraft can help define the lines of engagement. A new book, National Security In The Digital Age, serves that purpose by presenting individual chapters on various aspects of the topic, written by experts on the bleeding edge of statecraft and Bitcoin. This book is perfect for legislators and policymakers to understand the unique advantages of Bitcoin.

隨著比特幣成熟為一種制度力量，下一個合乎邏輯的步驟是它被民族國家採用。隨著世界兩極化的加劇，關於比特幣和治國方略的優秀文章可以幫助定義接觸線。一本新書《數位時代的國家安全》透過介紹該主題各個方面的各個章節來實現這一目的，這些章節是由最前沿的治國方略和比特幣專家撰寫的。這本書非常適合立法者和政策制定者了解比特幣的獨特優勢。

1. We are at a unique geopolitical moment, where the dollar system since 1973 is being challenged by new technology.

1. 我們正處於一個獨特的地緣政治時刻，自 1973 年以來的美元體係正受到新技術的挑戰。

Most writers refer to the dominant position of the United States in overseeing the US dollar system and its consequences. Since 1973, when President Nixon took the US dollar off the gold standard, global demand for fiat-driven US dollars and US debt has been the cornerstone of the world economy. This has led to unanticipated consequences, however, perhaps the most significant being the migration outwards of the manufacturing base of the United States to a more globally distributed economy - a shift that has primarily benefited China. China now has the capacity to manufacture military goods like ships at a very rapid pace and has become a near-peer that can challenge US military supremacy. Notably, China and Russia are now working together in many ways, with China providing CBDC and M-Bridge coverage to create a hedge against US dollar sanctions, while Russia provides kinetic cover with private military companies in Africa.

大多數作者都提到美國在監督美元體系方面的主導地位及其後果。自1973年尼克森總統取消美元金本位制以來，全球對法定美元和美國債務的需求一直是世界經濟的基石。然而，這導致了意想不到的後果，也許最重要的是美國的製造業基地向外遷移到更全球化的經濟體——這一轉變主要使中國受益。中國現在擁有以非常快的速度製造船舶等軍用產品的能力，並已成為可以挑戰美國軍事霸主地位的近乎同等水平的國家。值得注意的是，中國和俄羅斯現在正在以多種方式合作，中國提供 CBDC 和 M-Bridge 保險，以對沖美元製裁，而俄羅斯則與非洲私營軍事公司提供動態保險。

However, the world is pulling away from that system because of the sanctions on Russia and other factors. The US dollar share of foreign reserves is at a low not seen for a few decades. Can Tether and US-dollar stablecoins provide some amount of cover as bottoms-up demand for the US dollar (eurodollar system) blossoms, as Matthew Pines brings up? Does Bitcoin play a role in wrestling away Middle Eastern countries from China, as Robert Malka wonders? What will happen in Africa, an emerging energy superpower, documented by Ben Kincaid?

然而，由於對俄羅斯的製裁和其他因素，世界正在遠離該體系。美元在外匯儲備中所佔的份額處於數十年來的最低水平。正如馬修派恩斯 (Matthew Pines) 所言，隨著美元（歐洲美元體系）自下而上的需求蓬勃發展，Tether 和美元穩定幣能否提供一定程度的保障？正如羅伯特·馬爾卡（Robert Malka）想知道的那樣，比特幣是否在中東國家與中國的抗爭中發揮了作用？本金凱德 (Ben Kincaid) 記錄的非洲這個新興能源超級大國將會發生什麼？

2. Techno-authoritarianism vs. freedomtech, like Bitcoin and Nostr, is a defining battle being played out in many continents

2. 科技威權主義與自由科技（如比特幣和 Nostr）之間的鬥爭正在許多大洲上演

While the first chapter focuses on the Great Power Conflict, namely how China has bent the US monetary system to its advantage, the second focuses on Africa and the “African village” and the roots of bottoms-up adoption of Bitcoin vs. central bank digital currencies like the e-Naira. Fedimint offers a view of leveraging the democratic concepts of the “African village” through groups of peers transacting with one another in Bitcoin.

第一章聚焦於大國衝突，即中國如何使美國貨幣體係向自己有利，而第二章則聚焦於非洲和“非洲村”，以及自下而上採用比特幣與央行數字貨幣的根源。如電子奈拉。 Fedimint 提供了一種透過同行群體之間用比特幣進行交易來利用「非洲村莊」民主概念的觀點。

This angle is especially interesting because it highlights how Bitcoin mining can accelerate the escalating growth of energy across the continent (seen, for example, through projects like Gridless). This global conflict comes to the Middle East as the energy superpowers of the 20th century aim to welcome new technologies like Bitcoin while maintaining political control. China’s export of technical standards for the mobile Internet, central bank digital currencies, and digital authoritarianism worldwide are cited in detail.

這個角度特別有趣，因為它強調了比特幣挖礦如何加速整個非洲大陸能源的不斷增長（例如，透過無網格等項目可以看出）。這場全球衝突來到了中東，因為 20 世紀的能源超級大國希望在保持政治控制的同時歡迎比特幣等新技術。詳細列舉了中國向全球輸出的行動互聯網、央行數位貨幣、數位威權主義的技術標準。

But the United States still has a dollar advantage, and the book argues through the use of many experts - with the shift to electricity being the dominant force, it can employ Bitcoin mining, a renewed look at nuclear power, and the right policy towards grid management to create an alternative. The ability to leverage freedomtech like Bitcoin just as the United States embraced neutral cryptography, email and Internet standards (eventually) could serve national security interests.

但美國仍然擁有美元優勢，本書透過多位專家的論證論證——隨著向電力的轉變成為主導力量，它可以採用比特幣挖礦、重新審視核電以及對電網的正確政策管理層創造替代方案。正如美國最終採用中立密碼學、電子郵件和網路標準一樣，利用比特幣等自由技術的能力可以服務國家安全利益。

The most interesting thread is how Bitcoin and adjacent technology like Nostr have pools of bottoms-up demand that are resistant to top-down force from those looking to hedge against CBDCs to merchants looking for lower transaction fees. As China’s Bitcoin mining ban fails to dent Bitcoin’s effect, which is detailed in an entire chapter, it’s clear this discussion is ongoing.

最有趣的線索是比特幣和 Nostr 等鄰近技術如何擁有自下而上的需求池，這些需求池能夠抵抗來自那些尋求對沖 CBDC 的人到尋求較低交易費用的商家的自上而下的力量。由於中國的比特幣挖礦禁令未能削弱比特幣的影響（這一點在整個章節中都有詳細介紹），因此很明顯這種討論仍在繼續。

3. Bitcoin, not “crypto”

3. 比特幣，而不是“加密貨幣”

The book seems intended for policymakers mostly - it weaves sophisticated arguments about geopolitics into an accessible introduction to the energy dynamics of Bitcoin mining with very specific examples of how it works with ERCOT, the Texas grid, and how it can stabilize the grid with expert advice from Pierre Rochard, VP of Research at Riot. An entire chapter is devoted to “illicit finance” and the tradeoffs between Bitcoin existing with the traditional financial world and a place where nation-states move money for nefarious reasons contrary to American interests, as well as the anonymity of cash versus the pseudonymous nature of Bitcoin.

這本書似乎主要是為政策制定者準備的——它將有關地緣政治的複雜論點編織成對比特幣挖礦能源動態的簡單易懂的介紹，並提供了非常具體的例子，說明它如何與德州電網ERCOT 合作，以及如何透過專家建議穩定電網來自 Riot 研究副總裁 Pierre Rochard。整整一章專門討論“非法金融”，以及比特幣與傳統金融世界的存在與民族國家出於違背美國利益的邪惡原因轉移資金的地方之間的權衡，以及現金的匿名性與現金的匿名性之間的權衡。

The beginning of the book dives deeply into the geopolitics of Bitcoin - the middle is more technical and is meant to explain different facets of Bitcoin, Bitcoin mining, and the Lightning Network to people, along with various use cases such as creating and stabilizing energy grids. Towards the latter end, we see the real power of Bitcoin - creating a neutral platform that can redress the lack of trust after generations of racial bias (per Ian Gaines), a lower transaction cost for remittances, and navigating healthcare, inflation, and corrupt officials in Africa.

本書的開頭深入探討了比特幣的地緣政治，中間則更具技術性，旨在向人們解釋比特幣、比特幣挖礦和閃電網路的不同方面，以及各種用例，例如創建和穩定能源網路。到了最後，我們看到了比特幣的真正力量——創建一個中立的平台，可以糾正幾代種族偏見後缺乏信任的問題（根據伊恩·蓋恩斯），降低匯款交易成本，並解決醫療保健、通貨膨脹和貪腐問題非洲官員。

The book makes

這本書讓