洛杉矶火灾是一个鲜明的提醒：现在是重新考虑比特币托管策略的时候了

加密货币社区长期以来一直倡导“不是你的钥匙，不是你的硬币”的口号，但像这样的自然灾害暴露了一个严重的缺陷

The fires ravaging Los Angeles have left behind an apocalyptic landscape of destruction. So far, over 12,000 structures have been damaged or destroyed, more than 180,000 people have been displaced, and entire neighborhoods now resemble moonscapes of charred foundations and twisted metal.

肆虐洛杉矶的大火留下了世界末日般的破坏景象。到目前为止，超过 12,000 座建筑遭到损坏或摧毁，超过 180,000 人流离失所，整个社区现在就像是烧焦的地基和扭曲的金属组成的月球景观。

As residents return to the places they once called home, they face the overwhelming task of rebuilding their lives, coping with the emotional trauma of loss while grappling with the practical challenge of recovering what property they have left.

当居民返回他们曾经称之为家的地方时，他们面临着重建生活的艰巨任务，应对失去亲人的情感创伤，同时应对收回他们留下的财产的实际挑战。

Amid this devastation lies a less-discussed but equally important casualty: bitcoin self-custody. The cryptocurrency community has long championed the mantra “not your keys, not your coins,” but natural disasters like these expose a critical flaw in common storage practices.

在这场灾难中，存在一个较少被讨论但同样重要的受害者：比特币的自我托管。加密货币社区长期以来一直倡导“不是你的钥匙，不是你的硬币”的口号，但像这样的自然灾害暴露了常见存储实践中的一个关键缺陷。

Many bitcoiners store their seed phrases on paper, an option that provides zero protection against fire. Fireproof bags and safes are better than nothing, but also not so reliable that one should trust them to protect a large amount of wealth.

许多比特币持有者将他们的助记词存储在纸上，这是一种提供零火灾保护的选项。防火袋和保险箱总比没有好，但也不够可靠，值得人们相信它们可以保护大量财富。

Even those who have opted for seemingly indestructible metal storage plates face a sobering truth: when your home is reduced to rubble, retrieving that metal plate becomes a hazardous or even impossible task.

即使那些选择看似坚不可摧的金属存储板的人也面临着一个发人深省的事实：当你的家变成废墟时，取回金属板就成为一项危险甚至不可能的任务。

Imagine standing in the smoldering remains of your home, inhaling toxic air, surrounded by debris, and unsure if the site is even safe to enter. Emergency management teams may block access, and looters may be circling. Even if your metal plate survived, could you safely recover it?

想象一下，站在阴燃的房屋废墟中，吸入有毒空气，周围都是碎片，并且不确定进入该地点是否安全。应急管理团队可能会封锁通道，抢劫者可能会在周围盘旋。即使你的金属板幸存下来，你能安全地恢复它吗？

This unsettling scenario underscores a hard truth: the time to rethink your bitcoin custody strategy is not during a crisis but well before one arises. The California fires are a stark reminder that stability is always temporary on a long enough timeline. Natural disasters, political upheaval, or personal emergencies can strike without warning, turning even the most well-laid plans into desperate scrambles.

这种令人不安的情况凸显了一个残酷的事实：重新考虑比特币托管策略的时间不是在危机期间，而是在危机发生之前。加州大火清楚地提醒我们，在足够长的时间内，稳定总是暂时的。自然灾害、政治动乱或个人紧急情况可能会毫无预警地袭来，甚至使最周密的计划变成绝望的混乱。

The key to robust bitcoin preparedness is making decisions from a position of strength rather than during moments of chaos. If you’re reading this from a place of stability, use it as an opportunity to take proactive steps. Your current circumstances offer the clarity of mind needed to make rational choices.

做好比特币准备的关键是从有利的角度而不是在混乱的时刻做出决定。如果您是在稳定的状态下阅读本文，请将其作为采取主动措施的机会。您当前的情况提供了做出理性选择所需的清晰头脑。

If you are committed to true self-custody, understand that secure bitcoin storage goes beyond memorizing the phrase "not your keys, not your coins." Robust custody practices require thoughtful planning, redundancy, and an understanding of the tools available.

如果您致力于真正的自我保管，请了解安全的比特币存储不仅仅是记住“不是您的钥匙，不是您的硬币”这句话。稳健的托管实践需要深思熟虑的规划、冗余以及对可用工具的了解。

When you set up a hardware wallet, you have the option to use a single-signature (“single-sig”), or multi-signature (“multi-sig”) setup. Single-sig is exactly what it sounds like – one key will provide access to all of the bitcoin in that wallet.

设置硬件钱包时，您可以选择使用单签名（“single-sig”）或多重签名（“multi-sig”）设置。单签名正如它听起来的那样——一把钥匙就可以访问该钱包中的所有比特币。

Multi-signature (multi-sig) setups allow you to distribute your keys across multiple locations, reducing single points of failure and mitigating the risks posed by natural disasters, theft, or technical failures.

多重签名 (multi-sig) 设置允许您将密钥分发到多个位置，从而减少单点故障并减轻自然灾害、盗窃或技术故障带来的风险。

“Collaborative custody” utilizes a multi-sig setup to further manage risk of loss. In this approach, a company that specializes in bitcoin custody keeps one or more backup keys on your behalf so that you can get help recovering your bitcoin in an emergency.

“协作托管”利用多重签名设置来进一步管理损失风险。在这种方法中，一家专门从事比特币托管的公司会代表您保留一个或多个备份密钥，以便您可以在紧急情况下获得恢复比特币的帮助。

Learning how to properly secure your critical data, set up an encrypted vault, and run your own bitcoin node for direct network access are essential components of comprehensive bitcoin security. Every approach to self custody – single-sig, multi-sig, and collaborative custody – comes with trade-offs. Here’s how each custody model relates to key aspects of bitcoin security:

了解如何正确保护您的关键数据、设置加密保险库以及运行您自己的比特币节点以进行直接网络访问是全面比特币安全的重要组成部分。每种自我托管方法（单签名、多重签名和协作托管）都需要权衡。以下是每种托管模型与比特币安全关键方面的关系：

A single-signature wallet requires only one private key to sign transactions, making it very private and reliable, as long as you do not lose your key. If you store that key in a single location, it becomes a single point of failure. A natural disaster, theft, or other catastrophic event could leave you unable to recover your funds. This is a reasonable solution for many people, just make sure you are comfortable with your disaster recovery protocol.

单签名钱包只需要一个私钥来签署交易，只要您不丢失密钥，它就非常私密且可靠。如果将该密钥存储在单个位置，它就会成为单点故障。自然灾害、盗窃或其他灾难性事件可能会让您无法收回资金。对于许多人来说，这是一个合理的解决方案，只需确保您对灾难恢复协议感到满意即可。

With a single-sig setup, there is no external safety net. If you lose your private key or experience an issue accessing your wallet, there’s no one to help you recover your funds. While this maximizes sovereignty, it also leaves you solely responsible for securing your bitcoin.

使用单签名设置，没有外部安全网。如果您丢失私钥或在访问钱包时遇到问题，则没有人可以帮助您恢复资金。虽然这最大化了主权，但它也让你独自负责保护你的比特币。

Inheritance planning with a single-sig setup can be challenging. If your heirs don’t know how to access the key because the instructions are lost, or simply unclear, they could be locked out of your bitcoin forever. On the other hand, if you document access too explicitly and store it insecurely, recovery instructions could leak and increase the risk of theft. Balancing security and accessibility requires careful planning.

使用单签名设置进行继承规划可能具有挑战性。如果你的继承人因为指令丢失或不清楚而不知道如何访问密钥，他们可能会永远无法获得你的比特币。另一方面，如果您过于明确地记录访问权限并且存储不安全，则恢复指令可能会泄漏并增加被盗的风险。平衡安全性和可访问性需要仔细规划。

Single-sig wallets offer maximum control over your funds. You can transact without asking anyone else and retain full, permissionless access to your money, which is one of the most extraordinary properties of bitcoin. However, this also means that if you lose your private key, you have no fallback option and your funds will be lost forever.

单签名钱包可以最大限度地控制您的资金。您无需询问任何其他人即可进行交易，并保留对您的资金的完全、无需许可的访问权，这是比特币最非凡的特性之一。然而，这也意味着，如果您丢失了私钥，您就没有后备选项，您的资金将永远丢失。

Multi-signature wallets that you manage yourself allow you to distribute keys across multiple locations, mitigating the risk of total loss

您自己管理的多重签名钱包允许您在多个位置分发密钥，从而降低完全丢失的风险