保罗·戴维森（Paul L. Davidson）收藏的重要日本剑和盔甲

重要收藏的销售是拍卖界的关键部分，因为它们代表了敏锐的眼睛将碎片融合在一起的合并努力

The sales of important collections are key parts of the auction world, as they represent the consolidated efforts by keen eyes to bring together pieces that fit their most discerning tastes. While most conventionally seen in the collection of traditional works of art, anything can be made into a collection, as Paul L. Davidson proved with his assortment of Japanese swords and armor.

重要收藏的销售是拍卖界的关键部分，因为它们代表了敏锐的眼睛将合并的努力汇集在一起​​，以汇集适合他们最挑剔的口味的作品。虽然大多数传统的艺术品收藏中都可以看到，但任何东西都可以纳入一个集合中，因为保罗·戴维森（Paul L. Davidson）以各种各样的日本剑和装甲证明了这一点。

A former US Marine and a lawyer by trade, Davidson was deeply engrossed in the world of Japanese swords and martial culture. He wrote and spoke Japanese and helped found the American branch of the Nippon Bijutsu Token Hozon Kyokai (NBTHK), the Society for the Preservation of Japanese Art Swords, serving as its president since 2003. Davidson passed away in 2021.

戴维森（Davidson）曾是美国海军陆战队和律师，他深深地全神贯注于日本剑和武术文化的世界。他撰写并讲日语，并帮助建立了日本维护日本艺术剑协会的Nippon Bijutsu代币Hozon Kyokai（NBTHK）的美国分支机构，自2003年以来担任总统。戴维森于2021年去世。

Sotheby’s New York will offer, in an online sale, Davidson's collection of Japanese swords, armor sets, firearms, and other related items on sale between 13-25 March. Leading the sale is an exceptionally important sword from the 14th century attributed to the most important sword-making school in Japan at the time. It is estimated to be between US$180,000 and US$220,000.

苏富比（Sotheby）的纽约将在在线销售中提供戴维森（Davidson）的日本剑，装甲套装，枪支和其他相关物品的收藏，并在3月13日至25日之间提供。从14世纪，这是一把非常重要的剑，这归因于当时日本最重要的剑术学校。据估计，它在180,000美元至220,000美元之间。

Estimate: US$180,000-220,000

估计：180,000-220,000美元

During the Kamakura Shogunate (1185-1333), the bakufu, the military government of Japan, realized the need to improve its sword production operations and ordered various swordsmiths to move their operations from Kyoto. The Ichimonji School would come from this move and would eventually split into various sub-groups, including the Yoshioka School in Yoshioka, Bizen Province.

在川村幕府（Kamakura Shogunate）（1185-1333）期间，日本军事政府巴库夫（Bakufu）意识到有必要改善其剑的生产行动，并命令各种剑匠将其业务从京都移动。 Ichimonji学校将来自此举，最终将分为各个小组，包括位于Bizen Province Yoshioka的Yoshioka学校。

As a whole, the Ichimonji School was renowned for producing some of the greatest swords in this period, many of which have gone on to become famed national artifacts, with sources claiming that 70% of Japan’s national treasure swords originate from this era and school. Members of the school also served the Emperor directly, while more specifically, most of the members worked in Bizen, where the Yoshioka Ichimonji School was located.

总体而言，Ichimonji学校以生产这一时期最伟大的剑而闻名，其中许多人继续成为著名的国家文物，消息人士声称，日本70％的国家宝藏剑来自这个时代和学校。学校的成员还直接为皇帝服务，而更具体地说，大多数成员在Bizen工作，Yoshioka Ichimonji学校所在的地方。

The Yoshioka School was in almost near-constant competition with its sister school, the Fukuoka School, for dominance in the swordsmith trade within the Bizen region, with the Yoshioka School, producers of this lot, winning out. The Fukuoka school tended to lose their characteristics and failed to innovate in ways that would keep the school alive, while the Yoshioka thrived in Bizen province.

Yoshioka学校几乎与其姊妹学校Fukuoka School参加了几乎恒定的竞争，以在Bizen地区的剑术贸易中占主导地位，而该地段的制片人Yoshioka School赢得了胜利。福冈学校倾向于失去他们的特征，并且未能以使学校生存的方式进行创新，而Yoshioka在Bizen Province蓬勃发展。

Certain elements identify this blade as one that originated with the Yoshioka School. For example, the hamon of the sword is the physical effect that happens around the blade's edge when being hardened, with this blade’s being particularly vibrant and paired with a very notable midare-utsuri, or polish.

某些元素将此刀片识别为起源于Yoshioka学校的刀片。例如，剑的哈蒙（Hamon）是在变硬时在刀片边缘周围发生的物理效果，因为该刀片特别活跃，并与非常著名的Midare-utsuri或抛光剂配对。

The blade also has thicker lines within the grain of the blade, known as the kinsuji, and pronounced thin lines within the blade, such as the sunagashi, which are both more common in the Yoshioka school than their Fukuoka counterparts.

刀片在刀片的晶粒内（称为Kinsuji）中也具有较厚的线条，并且在刀片中发出了明显的细线，例如Sunagashi，在Yoshioka School中，它们在Yoshioka School中都比其福库卡（Fukuoka）对应物更为常见。

What makes this lot so important, among Yoshioka School swords, is that the NBTHK has graded it as exceptionally important. This is due to its exceptional preservation and qualities that identify it as a well-crafted blade from the Kamakura Shogunate. Its provenance was also important as it was once property of the Akimoto family, a Daimyo family that ruled over the Tatebayashi domain, which lay slightly north of modern-day Tokyo, late in the Edo period of Japan.

在Yoshioka学校的剑中，这么重要的是，NBTHK将其评分为非常重要的。这是由于其出色的保存和品质将其识别为kamakura Shogunate制作精良的刀片。它的出处也很重要，因为它曾经是Akimoto家族的财产，Akimoto家族统治了Tatebayashi领域，该域名是在日本江户时代后期，位于现代东京以北的东北。

Additionally, this blade is considered within the top ten blades to have come from the school, with the only ones that surpass it being graded by Japan’s Agency for Cultural Affairs as artifacts that are important to the country and fall under export restrictions.

此外，该刀片被认为是来自学校的前十个刀片，唯一超过日本文化事务机构将其评分为对国家很重要并受到出口限制的文物的评分。

Estimate: US$150,000-200,000

估计：150,000-200,000美元

The production of Samurai swords was, as seen with the previous lot, dominated by these various schools, including the Rai School, which produced this lot. The de facto founder of the school, Kuniyuki’s successor, Kunitoshi, is a swordsmith to whom this lot is attributed.

从上一批中可以看出，武士剑的生产由这些不同的学校（包括Rai School）主导。事实上，学校的创始人Kuniyuki的继任者Kunitoshi是一把剑史密斯，归功于该剑。

This can be determined not just through his signature on the sword, but also, not unlike a piece of art, a swordsmith can imbue his sword with certain motifs or styles that are characteristic of a certain person. Elements such as the flamboyant hamon and the abundance of ko-nie, as well as crystals formed on the sword during the forging process, are identified as Kunitoshi work. The clarity of the metal and the slight bend also highlight this fact.

这不仅可以通过他在剑上的签名来确定，而且与某种艺术不同，剑匠可以将其剑的某些图案或样式浸入某个人的特征上。诸如华丽的Hamon和Ko-nie的丰富度以及在锻造过程中形成的晶体等元素被确定为Kunitoshi工作。金属和轻微弯曲的清晰度也突出了这一事实。

Collectors and the broader culture around Japanese swords highly regard works by Kunitoshi. Like the prior lot, other works by this swordsmith are protected by Japan’s Agency for Cultural Affairs, specifically a total of 23.

收藏家和围绕日本剑的更广泛的文化高度重视Kunitoshi的作品。像先前的批次一样，这剑史密斯的其他作品受到日本文化事务机构的保护，尤其是23种。