海水淡化的重要性日益增加

大量的水已经来自海水淡化。根据国际海水淡化协会提供的数据，目前累计合同海水淡化能力已超过1亿立方米/日，近60%的海水用于人类消费。

Water scarcity is a pressing issue affecting nearly 50% of the planet's population, who experience water shortfalls for at least a month each year. By 2025, 1.8 billion people are expected to face "absolute water scarcity."

水资源短缺是一个紧迫的问题，影响着地球上近 50% 的人口，他们每年至少有一个月缺水。到2025年，预计将有18亿人面临“绝对缺水”。

To address this crisis, innovative solutions are needed, such as converting seawater into fresh water. One promising technology is an energy-efficient device inspired by the natural water cycle.

为了解决这场危机，需要创新的解决方案，例如将海水转化为淡水。一项有前途的技术是一种受自然水循环启发的节能设备。

This device induces water evaporation, transports it to the surface, and condenses it in a closed cycle, preventing salt accumulation and enhancing device longevity. It uses renewable energy, running on solar power and converting 93% of the Sun's energy.

该装置诱导水蒸发，将其输送到表面，并在封闭循环中冷凝，防止盐积聚并延长装置寿命。它使用可再生能源，依靠太阳能运行并转换了 93% 的太阳能。

The efficiency is five times better than current desalination systems, producing 20 liters of fresh water per square meter, meeting the WHO's daily recommendation for basic drinking and hygiene.

效率比现有海水淡化系统高出五倍，每平方米可生产20升淡水，满足世界卫生组织关于基本饮用和卫生的每日建议。

The device's simplicity and portability make it suitable for remote regions, especially coastal and island nations.

该设备的简单性和便携性使其适合偏远地区，特别是沿海和岛国。

Another portable desalination unit, developed by MIT researchers in 2022, weighs less than 10 kilograms and can operate with less power than a cell phone charger. It uses an electrical field to remove particles from drinking water instead of filters.

另一种便携式海水淡化装置由麻省理工学院的研究人员于 2022 年开发，重量不到 10 公斤，运行时的电量比手机充电器还要少。它使用电场而不是过滤器来去除饮用水中的颗粒。

The unit combines ion concentration polarization and electrodialysis techniques, optimized using machine learning, and features a single button for automatic desalination and purification.

该装置结合了离子浓差极化和电渗析技术，并使用机器学习进行了优化，并具有用于自动脱盐和纯化的单个按钮。

It can generate 0.3 liters of drinking water per hour, reducing suspended solids by at least a factor of 10 and meeting World Health Organization quality guidelines. Several companies are also engaged in large-scale desalination efforts.

它每小时可产生 0.3 升饮用水，将悬浮固体减少至少 10 倍，并符合世界卫生组织的质量准则。几家公司也从事大规模海水淡化工作。

Consolidated Water Co. Ltd. provides engineering services for the design-build of Sea Water Reverse Osmosis desalination systems, catering to the entire service cycle.

Consolidated Water Co. Ltd 为海水反渗透淡化系统的设计和建造提供工程服务，满足整个服务周期的需求。

The company's technological preference is membrane separation, specifically reverse Osmosis, due to its lower energy costs. Consolidated Water operates several seawater reverse osmosis desalination plants in the Cayman Islands and the Bahamas.

该公司的技术偏好是膜分离，特别是反渗透，因为其能源成本较低。 Consolidated Water 在开曼群岛和巴哈马群岛运营着多个海水反渗透海水淡化厂。

In 2023, the company acquired full ownership of PERC Water Corporation, which designs, constructs, operates, and manages water infrastructure facilities in the Southwest U.S.

2023年，该公司收购了PERC Water Corporation的全部所有权，该公司在美国西南部设计、建造、运营和管理水基础设施

Veolia, another company, considers desalination a key solution to water scarcity and has built hundreds of desalination plants and systems worldwide.

另一家公司威立雅认为海水淡化是解决水资源短缺的关键解决方案，并在全球建造了数百个海水淡化厂和系统。

The company's flagship projects include the Al Dur 2 plant in Bahrain, the Rabigh 3 plant in Saudi Arabia, and the Umm Al Quwain IWP plant in UAE.

该公司的旗舰项目包括巴林的Al Dur 2工厂、沙特阿拉伯的Rabigh 3工厂和阿联酋的Umm Al Quwain IWP工厂。

Veolia's proprietary Barrel technology is a compact, digital RO desalination system designed for fast-track schedule and efficient remote monitoring.

威立雅专有的 Barrel 技术是一种紧凑的数字反渗透海水淡化系统，专为快速跟踪进度和高效的远程监控而设计。

In addition to direct desalination solutions, Veolia offers a combination of digital tools and expertise to optimize processes.

除了直接海水淡化解决方案之外，威立雅还提供数字工具和专业知识的组合来优化流程。

Currently, a significant volume of water is produced through desalination, with the cumulative contracted capacity surpassing 100 million m3/d. Nearly 60% of desalination is dedicated to human consumption.

目前，大量海水淡化生产，累计合同产能超过1亿立方米/日。近 60% 的海水淡化供人类消费。

According to estimates, about 300 million people rely on desalination for their daily water usage. Countries like Kuwait produce almost 100% of their freshwater use through desalination.

据估计，大约有3亿人的日常用水依赖于海水淡化。像科威特这样的国家几乎 100% 的淡水都是通过海水淡化生产的。

However, desalination projects are not yet distributed uniformly worldwide. The Middle East and North American regions together account for over 70% of the world's desalination capacity, with the Middle East alone contributing more than 53%.

然而，海水淡化项目在全球范围内的分布尚未统一。中东和北美地区合计占全球海水淡化能力的70%以上，其中仅中东地区就贡献了53%以上。

Data indicates the presence of over 21,000 seawater desalination plants in 2022, collectively producing 99 million m3/day of desalinated water.

数据显示，到 2022 年，将有超过 21,000 个海水淡​​化厂，总共生产 9900 万立方米/天的淡化水。

This production volume also results in over 150 million m3/day of brine byproduct, which is the slightly concentrated seawater rejected by the desalination plants to the sea.

这一产量还产生超过 1.5 亿立方米/天的盐水副产品，这是海水淡化厂排入大海的稍微浓缩的海水。

The salt content of the brine is roughly 60g/l for seawater at 40g/l, while the temperature of the brine reject is slightly higher than that of the seawater – a few degrees Celsius.

对于40克/升的海水来说，盐水的含盐量约为60克/升，而废盐水的温度略高于海水的温度——几摄氏度。

Future research will need to focus on finding more environmentally friendly methods. The use of solar power in running these plants helps reduce the carbon footprint of these facilities significantly.

未来的研究需要集中于寻找更环保的方法。在运行这些工厂时使用太阳能有助于显着减少这些设施的碳足迹。

However, future research must ensure that nearly all the seawater input gets converted into fresh drinking water, leaving no harmful byproducts.

然而，未来的研究必须确保几乎所有的海水输入都转化为新鲜的饮用水，并且不留下有害的副产品。

Efficient transportation and distribution mechanisms will ensure that this water goes beyond the nations located on the seashore and reaches arid, dry regions with no significant drinking water source nearby.

高效的运输和分配机制将确保这些水超越沿海国家，到达附近没有重要饮用水源的干旱地区。