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继 7 月份法律委员会报告建议此举后,英国政府提出了一项法案,为数字资产和不可替代代币(NFT)创建新的个人财产类别。
The United Kingdom government introduced a bill on Monday that would create a new category of personal property for digital assets, such as cryptocurrencies and non-fungible tokens (NFTs).
英国政府周一提出了一项法案,将为加密货币和不可替代代币(NFT)等数字资产创建一个新的个人财产类别。
If passed, the bill would expand the current two categories of personal property—"things in possession" and "things in action"—to include a third category for certain digital assets. This would provide them with clear legal recognition and protection.
如果获得通过,该法案将扩大目前的两类个人财产——“拥有的东西”和“行动中的东西”——以包括某些数字资产的第三类。这将为他们提供明确的法律承认和保护。
“Previously, digital belongings were not definitively included in the scope of English and Welsh property law – leaving owners in a legal grey area if their assets were interfered with," the government said in a press release.
政府在一份新闻稿中表示:“此前,数字资产并未明确纳入英国和威尔士财产法的范围,如果业主的资产受到干扰,他们将处于法律灰色地带。”
"The new law will therefore also give legal protection to owners and companies against fraud and scams, while helping judges deal with complex cases where digital holdings are disputed or form part of settlements, for example in divorce cases.”
“因此,新法律还将为所有者和公司提供法律保护,防止欺诈和诈骗,同时帮助法官处理数字资产存在争议或构成和解一部分的复杂案件,例如离婚案件。”
Personal property rights are used by courts and individuals in several situations, such as cases of bankruptcy or insolvency, where objects of property rights are interfered with or unlawfully taken, and for the legal rules concerning inheritance and succession on death. They are also crucial for clarifying legal relationships, including custody relationships, collateral arrangements, and structures involving trusts.
法院和个人在多种情况下使用个人财产权,例如破产或无力偿债、财产权对象受到干扰或非法占有的情况,以及有关继承和死亡继承的法律规则。它们对于澄清法律关系也至关重要,包括托管关系、抵押品安排和涉及信托的结构。
The laws of England and Wales currently categorize personal property into two main types: things in possession, i.e., tangible property, and things in action, i.e., intangible property, such as debts or rights.
英格兰和威尔士的法律目前将个人财产分为两种主要类型:占有物,即有形财产,和行动物,即无形财产,例如债务或权利。
Digital assets, including digital currencies and NFTs, can possess both qualities or neither. This ambiguity has created confusion and hindered dispute resolution in court proceedings.
数字资产,包括数字货币和 NFT,可以同时具备这两种品质,也可以两者都不具备。这种模糊性造成了混乱并阻碍了法庭诉讼中的争议解决。
“It is essential that the law keeps pace with evolving technologies and this legislation will mean that the sector can maintain its position as a global leader in cryptoassets and bring clarity to complex property cases," Justice Minister Heidi Alexander said in the announcement.
司法部长海蒂·亚历山大(Heidi Alexander)在声明中表示:“法律必须跟上不断发展的技术的步伐,这一点至关重要,这项立法将意味着该行业能够保持其作为加密资产全球领导者的地位,并让复杂的财产案件变得清晰。”
"This will help to ensure that the U.K. remains at the forefront of the digital economy and that people's property rights are protected in the 21st Century.”
“这将有助于确保英国保持在数字经济的前沿,并确保人们的财产权在 21 世纪得到保护。”
To achieve this, the new legislation includes legal recognition of digital assets such as “cryptocurrencies,” NFTs, and digital carbon credits as personal property, with the hope that it will provide enhanced legal protection for owners against fraud and scams and offer clearer guidelines for judges handling cases involving disputed digital holdings or settlements.
为了实现这一目标,新立法包括对“加密货币”、NFT和数字碳信用额等数字资产作为个人财产的法律认可,希望能为所有者提供更强的法律保护,防止欺诈和诈骗,并为个人财产提供更明确的指导方针。法官处理涉及有争议的数字资产或和解的案件。
This legislative move doesn’t come out of the blue, with the government noting that action was being taken on digital assets in response to a U.K. Law Commission report.
这项立法举措并非突然出现,政府指出,针对英国法律委员会的报告,正在对数字资产采取行动。
A long time coming
好久没来了
The U.K. Law Commission is an independent body tasked with reviewing laws and recommending reform. In June 2023, it published a report that concluded that “certain types” of digital assets are things to which property rights relate.
英国法律委员会是一个独立机构,负责审查法律和建议改革。 2023 年 6 月,它发布了一份报告,得出结论认为“某些类型”的数字资产是与产权相关的事物。
However, after coming to this conclusion, the Commission admitted that certain digital assets don’t easily fit within the existing categories of personal property—things in possession and things in action—that have been traditionally recognized in England and Wales.
然而,在得出这一结论后,委员会承认,某些数字资产不太适合英格兰和威尔士传统上认可的现有个人财产类别(拥有的物品和行动中的物品)。
For this reason, the Commission urged the government to create a new “third category” for digital assets, which it hoped would ensure related property rights are clear and enforceable.
为此,欧盟委员会敦促政府为数字资产创建新的“第三类”,希望这能确保相关产权明确且可执行。
“We conclude that the flexibility of common law allows for the recognition of a distinct category of personal property that can better recognize, accommodate and protect the unique features of certain digital assets (including crypto-tokens and crypto assets),” the August report said.
8 月份的报告称:“我们的结论是,普通法的灵活性允许承认独特的个人财产类别,从而可以更好地识别、适应和保护某些数字资产(包括加密代币和加密资产)的独特特征。” 。
"There are many different types of digital assets, not all of which will be capable of being things to which personal property rights can relate. In this report, we use the term in a broad sense.”
“数字资产有许多不同类型,并非所有类型的数字资产都能够与个人财产权相关。在本报告中,我们在广义上使用该术语。”
On July 30, 2024, the Commission followed up this recommendation with a “supplemental report and draft bill” advocating for legal reforms to better account for the unique features of digital assets.
2024 年 7 月 30 日,委员会根据这一建议发布了“补充报告和法案草案”,主张进行法律改革,以更好地考虑数字资产的独特功能。
Specifically, it recommended a ‘Property Bill’ that would clarify that “a thing (including a thing that is digital or electronic in nature) is not prevented from being the object of personal property rights merely because it is neither— (a) a thing in possession, nor (b) a thing in action.”
具体来说,它建议制定一项“财产法案”,该法案将澄清“一个事物(包括本质上是数字或电子的事物)不会仅仅因为它既不是——占有,也不是 (b) 正在行动的东西。”
As of this week, it appears the new Labor government has taken up this recommendation, and the bill will begin working its way through Parliament.
截至本周,新工党政府似乎已采纳了这一建议,该法案将开始在议会审议。
Watch RealFlip: Solving real-world problems with blockchain tech
观看 RealFlip:利用区块链技术解决现实世界的问题
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