Flare：致力于“数据”的区块链基础设施

Flare是一个致力于“数据”的区块链基础设施，旨在解决依赖外部预言机的问题。虽然现有的区块链通常依赖外部预言机来访问数据以确保安全，但这样的设置并不能保证所获取数据的可靠性。

Key Points (TL;DR)

要点（TL；DR）

- Flare embeds oracles into its core protocol, ensuring the reliability and integrity of data.

- Flare将预言机嵌入其核心协议中，确保数据的可靠性和完整性。

- Flare builds a data-driven blockchain ecosystem using three core protocols: FTSO for decentralized price feeds, data connectors connecting Web2 and Web3, and FAssets for leveraging non-smart contract assets.

- Flare 使用三个核心协议构建数据驱动的区块链生态系统：用于去中心化价格反馈的 FTSO、连接 Web2 和 Web3 的数据连接器以及用于利用非智能合约资产的 FAssets。

- Flare started as a data infrastructure. With the launch of FAssets, it aims to become a liquidity hub that will connect the ecosystem, including assets such as Bitcoin, Ripple, and Dogecoin.

- Flare 最初是作为数据基础设施。随着FAssets的推出，它的目标是成为连接生态系统的流动性中心，包括比特币、瑞波币和狗狗币等资产。

Weaknesses of blockchain technology

区块链技术的弱点

- Blockchain technology follows the principle of "code is law" and creates a trustless system that provides security and trust by automatically executing processes through code, eliminating the need for third-party intermediaries. However, the security of this system is entirely dependent on the integrity of the input data. If there is a problem with the input data, even a perfectly designed smart contract may go wrong, causing the operation of the entire system to become unpredictable, thereby causing potential risks.

- 区块链技术遵循“代码就是法律”的原则，创建一个无需信任的系统，通过代码自动执行流程来提供安全性和信任，无需第三方中介机构。然而，该系统的安全性完全取决于输入数据的完整性。如果输入数据出现问题，即使设计完美的智能合约也可能出错，导致整个系统的运行变得不可预测，从而产生潜在风险。

- To address this challenge, the blockchain industry has introduced oracles, which are distributed data providers. However, oracles usually operate outside the blockchain, limiting their ability to maintain the security and integrity of the blockchain. In addition, the use of external data sources also introduces the risk of single point failure, and some oracles lack decentralization due to their reliance on a small number of nodes. Therefore, the reliability of data becomes a weakness of blockchain technology.

- 为了应对这一挑战，区块链行业引入了预言机，即分布式数据提供商。然而，预言机通常在区块链之外运行，限制了它们维护区块链安全性和完整性的能力。此外，使用外部数据源还引入了单点故障的风险，并且一些预言机由于依赖少量节点而缺乏去中心化。因此，数据的可靠性成为区块链技术的弱点。

All for data

一切为了数据

- Source: Flare

- 来源：耀斑

- Flare is a blockchain infrastructure dedicated to "data" that aims to solve the problem of relying on external oracles. Although existing blockchains usually rely on external oracles to access data to ensure security, such a setup cannot guarantee the reliability of the data obtained.

- Flare是一个致力于“数据”的区块链基础设施，旨在解决依赖外部预言机的问题。虽然现有的区块链通常依赖外部预言机来访问数据以确保安全，但这样的设置并不能保证所获取数据的可靠性。

- Flare ensures that oracles enjoy the security of the blockchain by embedding them into its core protocol. A successful hack of an oracle requires compromising the entire blockchain network, a structure that ensures data reliability and security. Flare's approach is to integrate blockchain and oracles into one system, eliminating the security risks posed by external oracles. Developers can use embedded oracles to seamlessly build data-rich Web3 services without relying on external solutions.

- Flare 通过将预言机嵌入其核心协议来确保预言机享有区块链的安全性。成功破解预言机需要破坏整个区块链网络，这是确保数据可靠性和安全性的结构。 Flare的做法是将区块链和预言机集成到一个系统中，消除外部预言机带来的安全风险。开发人员可以使用嵌入式预言机无缝构建数据丰富的 Web3 服务，而无需依赖外部解决方案。

- Flare offers three core protocols built on its embedded oracles. 1 ) FTSO (Flare Time Series Oracle) provides decentralized price information. 2) Flare Data Connector (FDC) integrates external chain and Web2 data into Flare. It verifies and protects the data within the blockchain. 3 ) FAssets makes non-smart contract assets such as Bitcoin, Ripple and Dogecoin available for DeFi, expanding their functionality in the blockchain ecosystem.

- Flare 提供了基于其嵌入式预言机构建的三个核心协议。 1）FTSO（Flare Time Series Oracle）提供去中心化的价格信息。 2）Flare Data Connector（FDC）将外链和Web2数据集成到Flare中。它验证并保护区块链内的数据。 3）FAssets使比特币、瑞波币和狗狗币等非智能合约资产可用于DeFi，扩展其在区块链生态系统中的功能。

2.1. FTSO: Providing decentralized price information

2.1. FTSO：提供去中心化的价格信息

- Flare's FTSO provides time series price data in a decentralized manner. This data includes asset prices updated at specific intervals and is critical to many Web3 services, especially DeFi. However, most services still rely on centralized data providers. Manipulation or errors in this data could compromise the reliability and stability of the entire system.

- Flare 的 FTSO 以分散的方式提供时间序列价格数据。这些数据包括按特定时间间隔更新的资产价格，对于许多 Web3 服务（尤其是 DeFi）至关重要。然而，大多数服务仍然依赖集中式数据提供商。这些数据的操纵或错误可能会损害整个系统的可靠性和稳定性。

- The implementation of FTSO is particularly important because the limitations of centralized data providers have been demonstrated in historical cases. In March 2023, Berkshire Hathaway's stock price plummeted by about 99% due to a computer error, illustrating the risk of single-point failure in centralized data systems. If such errors occur in the automated environment of Web3, it may result in serious investment losses. Therefore, the decentralized and reliable data solutions provided by Flare are particularly important to help enhance the stability and reliability of the system in the blockchain ecosystem.

- FTSO的实施尤为重要，因为中心化数据提供者的局限性已经在历史案例中得到了证明。 2023年3月，伯克希尔哈撒韦公司股价因计算机错误暴跌约99%，说明了中心化数据系统存在单点故障的风险。如果这样的错误发生在Web3的自动化环境中，可能会导致严重的投资损失。因此，Flare提供的去中心化、可靠的数据解决方案对于帮助增强区块链生态系统的稳定性和可靠性显得尤为重要。

- FTSO, source: Flare Systems Explorers

- FTSO，来源：Flare Systems Explorers

- To address this, Flare uses a decentralized price feed system through FTSO, which has more than 100 independent validators . Validators collect time series price data from various sources and submit it to the blockchain. The consensus mechanism determines the most accurate value from the submitted data. Validators who provide inaccurate or manipulated data will be marked as outliers and excluded. They will not receive rewards and may face financial penalties. This system ensures the reliability and integrity of the data on Flare.

- 为了解决这个问题，Flare 通过 FTSO 使用去中心化的价格反馈系统，该系统拥有 100 多个独立验证者。验证器从各种来源收集时间序列价格数据并将其提交到区块链。共识机制从提交的数据中确定最准确的值。提供不准确或被操纵数据的验证者将被标记为异常值并被排除。他们不会获得奖励，并可能面临经济处罚。该系统确保了 Flare 上数据的可靠性和完整性。

- Source: Flare

- 来源：耀斑

- The key differentiator of FTSO is that all 100+ validators participate in every price feed. Many oracles suffer from inconsistent validator participation, where some feeds are fully validated while others rely on only a few validators. Flare ensures consistent validator participation across all feeds. This minimizes data discrepancies between feeds and improves the reliability of the entire system. FTSO data is closely correlated with prices on major exchanges and stays within standard deviation, objectively demonstrating its accuracy and reliability.

- FTSO 的主要区别在于所有 100 多个验证者都参与每个价格馈送。许多预言机都存在验证者参与不一致的问题，其中一些提要得到了充分验证，而另一些则仅依赖于少数验证者。 Flare 确保验证者在所有 feed 中的参与一致。这最大限度地减少了馈送之间的数据差异，并提高了整个系统的可靠性。 FTSO数据与主要交易所价格密切相关，且保持在标准差范围内，客观地证明了其准确性和可靠性。

- In May 2024, Flare released FTSO v2 , which increased the speed and scope of data processing. Previously, price information was limited to cryptocurrency prices, but now it can support a wide range of Web2 data, such as stock and commodity prices. The update cycle was shortened from 180 seconds to 90 seconds. The number of price information

- 2024年5月，Flare发布了FTSO v2，提高了数据处理的速度和范围。此前，价格信息仅限于加密货币价格，但现在可以支持广泛的 Web2 数据，例如股票和商品价格。更新周期从180秒缩短至90秒。价格信息数量