欧盟新的反洗钱框架：澄清加密货币误解

尽管加密行业内流传着一些误解，但新的欧盟反洗钱/打击资助恐怖主义框架并不禁止通过自我托管钱包进行匿名加密交易。加密货币律师 Patrick Hansen 表示，该框架主要针对交易所和经纪商，要求他们对匿名账户实施 KYC 措施。然而，它豁免了 MetaMask 等自托管钱包的提供商，只要求 VASP 减轻与此类钱包相关的风险。该框架还扩展到 Monero 和 Zcash 等隐私币，禁止加密企业参与此类交易。

The EU's New Anti-Money Laundering/Counter-Financing of Terrorism Framework: Clarifying Misconceptions about Its Impact on Cryptocurrency

欧盟新的反洗钱/反恐融资框架：澄清对其对加密货币影响的误解

The European Union (EU) has unveiled a comprehensive new framework to combat money laundering and counter the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT). While this framework encompasses cryptocurrencies, its provisions have been met with significant confusion and misinterpretation, particularly regarding the impact on anonymous crypto transactions and self-custody wallets.

欧盟 (EU) 公布了打击洗钱和恐怖主义融资 (AML/CFT) 的全面新框架。虽然该框架涵盖了加密货币，但其条款却遇到了严重的混乱和误解，特别是在对匿名加密交易和自我托管钱包的影响方面。

Debunking Common Misconceptions

揭穿常见的误解

One of the most prevalent misconceptions is that the new framework prohibits anonymous crypto transactions altogether. However, this is not the case. As explained by Patrick Hansen, a renowned crypto lawyer and Director of Policy for Circle in Europe, the framework specifically targets anonymous accounts, not anonymous transactions.

最普遍的误解之一是新框架完全禁止匿名加密​​交易。然而，这种情况并非如此。正如著名加密货币律师兼欧洲 Circle 政策总监 Patrick Hansen 所解释的那样，该框架专门针对匿名账户，而不是匿名交易。

Self-custody wallets, such as MetaMask, Ledger, and Trezor, remain unaffected by the new regulations as they do not provide access to users' tokens. This clarification allayed concerns that the EU intended to outlaw self-hosted crypto transactions and reinforced the distinction between self-custody and custodial crypto businesses.

MetaMask、Ledger 和 Trezor 等自助钱包不受新规定的影响，因为它们不提供对用户代币的访问。这一澄清缓解了人们对欧盟打算取缔自托管加密货币交易的担忧，并加强了自托管和托管加密货币业务之间的区别。

Exchanges and brokers, on the other hand, will be subject to stricter regulations under the Markets in Crypto Assets (MiCA) framework. These entities are now required to adhere to customer due diligence (CDD) and other know-your-customer (KYC) requirements, aligning with existing AML regulations in Europe.

另一方面，交易所和经纪商将受到加密资产市场（MiCA）框架下更严格的监管。这些实体现在需要遵守客户尽职调查 (CDD) 和其他了解你的客户 (KYC) 要求，并与欧洲现有的反洗钱法规保持一致。

Understanding the Framework's Provisions

了解框架的规定

The EU's AML/CFT framework prohibits crypto asset service providers (CASPs) from providing anonymous accounts, effectively barring custodial crypto businesses from offering services to unidentified individuals. This aligns with existing AML rules and global efforts to combat financial crime.

欧盟的 AML/CFT 框架禁止加密资产服务提供商 (CASP) 提供匿名账户，从而有效禁止托管加密企业向身份不明的个人提供服务。这符合现有的反洗钱规则和全球打击金融犯罪的努力。

Additionally, the framework extends these measures to privacy coins such as Monero and Zcash, reinforcing global regulatory concerns about the anonymity they afford. Several exchanges have already delisted these coins in response to regulatory pressure.

此外，该框架还将这些措施扩展到 Monero 和 Zcash 等隐私币，加剧了全球监管机构对其提供的匿名性的担忧。为了应对监管压力，一些交易所已经将这些代币摘牌。

Regarding self-custody wallets, the framework does not ban their use but requires virtual asset service providers (VASPs) to mitigate risks associated with such wallets, including through the use of blockchain analytics. This is in line with the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) travel rule, which aims to track the origin and destination of crypto transactions.

关于自我托管钱包，该框架并不禁止其使用，但要求虚拟资产服务提供商（VASP）降低与此类钱包相关的风险，包括通过使用区块链分析。这符合金融行动特别工作组（FATF）的旅行规则，该规则旨在跟踪加密货币交易的起源和目的地。

Cash Payment Restrictions

现金支付限制

The framework also includes provisions to limit cash payments beyond €10,000 to reduce opportunities for money laundering. However, it does not affect self-custody wallets directly. A proposal to limit payments from self-custody wallets to €1,000 was rejected, allowing users to make payments up to the €10,000 threshold.

该框架还包括限制现金支付超过 10,000 欧元的规定，以减少洗钱机会。但是，它不会直接影响自我托管钱包。将自我托管钱包的付款限额限制在 1,000 欧元的提案被拒绝，允许用户支付最高限额为 10,000 欧元。

Clarifying the Impact on Cryptocurrency

澄清对加密货币的影响

The EU's AML/CFT framework is a significant development in the fight against financial crime, and its impact on cryptocurrency requires careful analysis. By clarifying misconceptions about anonymous transactions and self-custody wallets, it ensures legal clarity and prevents undue harm to the crypto industry.

欧盟的 AML/CFT 框架是打击金融犯罪的重大进展，其对加密货币的影响需要仔细分析。通过澄清对匿名交易和自我托管钱包的误解，它确保了法律的明确性并防止对加密行业造成不应有的伤害。

It is crucial for policymakers, regulators, and industry stakeholders to engage in continued dialogue to address concerns, monitor the framework's implementation, and ensure that it remains balanced and effective in combating financial crime without stifling innovation in the cryptocurrency sector.

对于政策制定者、监管机构和行业利益相关者来说，至关重要的是要持续对话以解决问题，监督框架的实施，并确保框架在打击金融犯罪方面保持平衡和有效，同时又不会扼杀加密货币行业的创新。