歐盟新的反洗錢框架：澄清加密貨幣誤解

儘管加密產業內流傳著一些誤解，但新的歐盟反洗錢/打擊資助恐怖主義框架並不禁止透過自我託管錢包進行匿名加密交易。加密貨幣律師 Patrick Hansen 表示，該框架主要針對交易所和經紀商，要求他們對匿名帳戶實施 KYC 措施。然而，它豁免了 MetaMask 等自架錢包的供應商，只要求 VASP 減輕與此類錢包相關的風險。該框架也擴展到 Monero 和 Zcash 等隱私幣，禁止加密企業參與此類交易。

The EU's New Anti-Money Laundering/Counter-Financing of Terrorism Framework: Clarifying Misconceptions about Its Impact on Cryptocurrency

歐盟新的反洗錢/反恐融資框架：澄清對其對加密貨幣影響的誤解

The European Union (EU) has unveiled a comprehensive new framework to combat money laundering and counter the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT). While this framework encompasses cryptocurrencies, its provisions have been met with significant confusion and misinterpretation, particularly regarding the impact on anonymous crypto transactions and self-custody wallets.

歐盟 (EU) 公佈了打擊洗錢和恐怖主義融資 (AML/CFT) 的全面新框架。雖然該框架涵蓋了加密貨幣，但其條款卻遇到了嚴重的混亂和誤解，特別是在對匿名加密交易和自我託管錢包的影響方面。

Debunking Common Misconceptions

揭穿常見的誤解

One of the most prevalent misconceptions is that the new framework prohibits anonymous crypto transactions altogether. However, this is not the case. As explained by Patrick Hansen, a renowned crypto lawyer and Director of Policy for Circle in Europe, the framework specifically targets anonymous accounts, not anonymous transactions.

最普遍的誤解之一是新框架完全禁止匿名加密​​交易。然而，這種情況並非如此。正如著名加密貨幣律師兼歐洲 Circle 政策總監 Patrick Hansen 所解釋的那樣，該框架專門針對匿名帳戶，而不是匿名交易。

Self-custody wallets, such as MetaMask, Ledger, and Trezor, remain unaffected by the new regulations as they do not provide access to users' tokens. This clarification allayed concerns that the EU intended to outlaw self-hosted crypto transactions and reinforced the distinction between self-custody and custodial crypto businesses.

MetaMask、Ledger 和 Trezor 等自助錢包不受新規定的影響，因為它們不提供對用戶代幣的存取。這項澄清緩解了人們對歐盟打算取締自託管加密貨幣交易的擔憂，並加強了自託管和託管加密貨幣業務之間的差異。

Exchanges and brokers, on the other hand, will be subject to stricter regulations under the Markets in Crypto Assets (MiCA) framework. These entities are now required to adhere to customer due diligence (CDD) and other know-your-customer (KYC) requirements, aligning with existing AML regulations in Europe.

另一方面，交易所和經紀商將受到加密資產市場（MiCA）框架下更嚴格的監管。這些實體現在需要遵守客戶盡職調查 (CDD) 和其他了解你的客戶 (KYC) 要求，並與歐洲現有的反洗錢法規保持一致。

Understanding the Framework's Provisions

了解框架的規定

The EU's AML/CFT framework prohibits crypto asset service providers (CASPs) from providing anonymous accounts, effectively barring custodial crypto businesses from offering services to unidentified individuals. This aligns with existing AML rules and global efforts to combat financial crime.

歐盟的 AML/CFT 框架禁止加密資產服務提供者 (CASP) 提供匿名帳戶，從而有效禁止託管加密企業向身份不明的個人提供服務。這符合現有的反洗錢規則和全球打擊金融犯罪的努力。

Additionally, the framework extends these measures to privacy coins such as Monero and Zcash, reinforcing global regulatory concerns about the anonymity they afford. Several exchanges have already delisted these coins in response to regulatory pressure.

此外，該框架還將這些措施擴展到 Monero 和 Zcash 等隱私幣，加劇了全球監管機構對其提供的匿名性的擔憂。為了應對監管壓力，一些交易所已經將這些代幣摘牌。

Regarding self-custody wallets, the framework does not ban their use but requires virtual asset service providers (VASPs) to mitigate risks associated with such wallets, including through the use of blockchain analytics. This is in line with the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) travel rule, which aims to track the origin and destination of crypto transactions.

關於自我託管錢包，該框架並不禁止其使用，但要求虛擬資產服務提供者（VASP）降低與此類錢包相關的風險，包括透過使用區塊鏈分析。這符合金融行動特別工作組（FATF）的旅行規則，該規則旨在追蹤加密貨幣交易的起源和目的地。

Cash Payment Restrictions

現金支付限制

The framework also includes provisions to limit cash payments beyond €10,000 to reduce opportunities for money laundering. However, it does not affect self-custody wallets directly. A proposal to limit payments from self-custody wallets to €1,000 was rejected, allowing users to make payments up to the €10,000 threshold.

該框架還包括限制現金支付超過 10,000 歐元的規定，以減少洗錢機會。但是，它不會直接影響自我託管錢包。將自我託管錢包的付款限額限制在 1,000 歐元的提案被拒絕，允許用戶支付最高限額為 10,000 歐元。

Clarifying the Impact on Cryptocurrency

澄清對加密貨幣的影響

The EU's AML/CFT framework is a significant development in the fight against financial crime, and its impact on cryptocurrency requires careful analysis. By clarifying misconceptions about anonymous transactions and self-custody wallets, it ensures legal clarity and prevents undue harm to the crypto industry.

歐盟的 AML/CFT 框架是打擊金融犯罪的重大進展，對加密貨幣的影響需要仔細分析。透過澄清對匿名交易和自我託管錢包的誤解，它確保了法律的明確性並防止對加密產業造成不必要的傷害。

It is crucial for policymakers, regulators, and industry stakeholders to engage in continued dialogue to address concerns, monitor the framework's implementation, and ensure that it remains balanced and effective in combating financial crime without stifling innovation in the cryptocurrency sector.

對於政策制定者、監管機構和行業利益相關者來說，至關重要的是要持續對話以解決問題，監督框架的實施，並確保框架在打擊金融犯罪方面保持平衡和有效，同時又不會扼殺加密貨幣產業的創新。