萨尔瓦多的比特币实验：改变金融部门和公民的生活

比特币是市值最大的加密货币，由于其能够降低交易成本和促进金融包容性，近年来得到了广泛采用。全球多个国家现已承认比特币是一种投资，萨尔瓦多等一些国家已将比特币视为法定货币。

Bitcoin, the world’s largest cryptocurrency by market capitalization, has seen increasing adoption in recent years due to its ability to lower transaction costs and promote financial inclusion. Several countries now recognize Bitcoin as an investment, with some, like El Salvador, adopting it as legal tender.

比特币是全球市值最大的加密货币，由于其能够降低交易成本和促进金融包容性，近年来得到越来越多的采用。现在有几个国家承认比特币是一种投资，萨尔瓦多等一些国家将其视为法定货币。

This article focuses on El Salvador. Read on to learn how Bitcoin is transforming the financial sector of this Central American country and how it’s changing citizens’ lives.

本文重点介绍萨尔瓦多。继续阅读，了解比特币如何改变这个中美洲国家的金融部门以及如何改变公民的生活。

El Salvador’s Bold Move to Recognize Bitcoin as Legal Tender

萨尔瓦多承认比特币为法定货币的大胆举措

El Salvador sent shockwaves around the globe in September 2021 when it announced that it had adopted Bitcoin as a legal tender. According to the country’s President Nayib Bukele, the move was intended to address several national problems, such as remittance fees and financial inclusion.

2021 年 9 月，萨尔瓦多宣布采用比特币作为法定货币，震惊全球。该国总统纳伊布·布克莱表示，此举旨在解决一些国家问题，例如汇款费用和金融包容性。

At the time, he revealed that over 60% of El Salvador’s citizens had no access to conventional banking services. Therefore, his government aimed to use Bitcoin to onboard more people into the country’s financial system.

当时，他透露超过 60% 的萨尔瓦多公民无法获得传统银行服务。因此，他的政府旨在利用比特币让更多人进入该国的金融体系。

Furthermore, Bukele noted that traditional financial institutions charged high fees and took days to process transactions. So, by integrating Bitcoin into El Salvador’s financial system, citizens would be able to transact quickly and cheaply.

此外，布克莱指出，传统金融机构收取高额费用，并且需要数天时间来处理交易。因此，通过将比特币整合到萨尔瓦多的金融系统中，公民将能够快速且廉价地进行交易。

To ensure seamless integration of Bitcoin, Bukele’s administration launched the Chivo wallet, allowing citizens to store their BTC and make daily transactions.

为了确保比特币的无缝整合，布克莱政府推出了 Chivo 钱包，允许公民存储比特币并进行日常交易。

The move to adopt Bitcoin wasn’t welcomed by all El Salvador people. Some protested against it as they feared the coin’s price volatility. Also, global institutions like the IMF warned Bukele’s government against the risks associated with Bitcoin.

采用比特币的举动并未受到所有萨尔瓦多人民的欢迎。一些人抗议，因为他们担心代币的价格波动。此外，国际货币基金组织等全球机构警告布克莱政府警惕与比特币相关的风险。

However, the El Salvador President remained unmoved. Instead, he vowed to continue buying one Bitcoin daily, arguing that the digital asset could help propel his country into becoming a hub for blockchain innovation.

然而，萨尔瓦多总统依然不为所动。相反，他发誓要继续每天购买一个比特币，认为这种数字资产可以帮助推动他的国家成为区块链创新中心。

Bitcoin’s Impact on Various Sectors in El Salvador

比特币对萨尔瓦多各行业的影响

While many small businesses in El Salvador are still struggling to integrate Bitcoin into their payment systems, large companies like Starbucks, McDonald’s, and Pizza Hut now allow customers to pay their bills in BTC.

虽然萨尔瓦多的许多小企业仍在努力将比特币整合到他们的支付系统中，但星巴克、麦当劳和必胜客等大公司现在允许客户用比特币支付账单。

Regarding remittances, Salvadorans can now send and receive funds within seconds via Bitcoin. Moreover, the transaction fees incurred are 90% lower than those imposed by financial institutions.

关于汇款，萨尔瓦多人现在可以通过比特币在几秒钟内发送和接收资金。而且，所产生的交易费用比金融机构收取的费用低90%。

Speaking of financial institutions, numerous banks in El Salvador have embraced Bitcoin in recent months. For example, Banco Hipotecario has started offering Bitcoin-backed loans. Banco Agricola, on the other hand, permits customers to make payments toward credit cards or loans with Bitcoin. Meanwhile, Banco Davivienda is exploring blockchain technology to improve its transaction speeds.

说到金融机构，萨尔瓦多的许多银行近几个月都接受了比特币。例如，Banco Hipotecario 已开始提供比特币支持的贷款。另一方面，农业银行允许客户用比特币支付信用卡或贷款。与此同时，Banco Davivienda 正在探索区块链技术以提高其交易速度。

The Chivo Wallet

奇沃钱包

As mentioned, the government of El Salvador has its own Bitcoin wallet, Chivo, which allows people to convert their BTC coins to US dollars instantly. Furthermore, it supports cash withdrawals via Bitcoin ATMs. Notably, El Salvador hosts over 220 Bitcoin ATMs installed countrywide to facilitate easy access for citizens.

如前所述，萨尔瓦多政府有自己的比特币钱包 Chivo，它允许人们立即将比特币兑换成美元。此外，它还支持通过比特币 ATM 提取现金。值得注意的是，萨尔瓦多在全国范围内安装了 220 多台比特币 ATM 机，以方便公民轻松访问。

Although faced with technical problems during its early stages, the Chivo wallet now functions as expected. Salvadorans use it to pay for various bills, from school fees to meals at their favorite restaurants. As stated, the wallet comes with an auto-conversion feature, enabling quick swaps from BTC to USD. This shields merchants against Bitcoin’s high price volatility.

尽管在早期阶段面临技术问题，Chivo 钱包现在的功能符合预期。萨尔瓦多人用它来支付各种账单，从学费到他们最喜欢的餐馆的餐费。如上所述，该钱包具有自动转换功能，可以快速从 BTC 转换为美元。这可以保护商家免受比特币价格高波动的影响。

The Nayib Tracker

纳伊布追踪者

El Salvador is one of the countries with the largest Bitcoin treasuries. And since Bukele bought the coins using public funds, he has launched a portfolio monitoring platform, the Nayib Tracker, to allow all Salvadorans to monitor the country’s Bitcoin holdings. As of October 2024, data on the platform (nayibtracker.com) shows that El Salvador holds 6,136 BTC valued at $385.15 million. The investment has generated an all-time profit of $72.67 million.

萨尔瓦多是拥有最大比特币国库的国家之一。自从 Bukele 使用公共资金购买比特币以来，他推出了一个投资组合监控平台 Nayib Tracker，以允许所有萨尔瓦多人监控该国的比特币持有量。截至 2024 年 10 月，平台（nayibtracker.com）数据显示，萨尔瓦多持有 6,136 个 BTC，价值 3.8515 亿美元。这项投资创造了历史最高利润 7267 万美元。