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在纽瑟姆做出决定之前,该法案不受立法者、顾问和大型科技公司的欢迎。
California Governor Gavin Newsom has vetoed a hotly-contested artificial intelligence (AI) bill, arguing that it would hamper innovation and fail to protect the public from the “real” threats posed by the technology.
加州州长加文·纽瑟姆 (Gavin Newsom) 否决了一项备受争议的人工智能 (AI) 法案,认为该法案将阻碍创新,无法保护公众免受该技术构成的“真正”威胁。
Newsom vetoed SB 1047 — the Safe and Secure Innovation for Frontier Artificial Intelligence Models Act — on Sept. 30. The bill had drawn strong opposition from Silicon Valley.
9 月 30 日,纽瑟姆否决了 SB 1047——《前沿人工智能模型安全创新法案》。该法案遭到了硅谷的强烈反对。
It proposed mandatory safety testing of AI models and other guardrails, with tech companies expressing concerns that it would stifle innovation.
它提议对人工智能模型和其他护栏进行强制性安全测试,科技公司表示担心这会扼杀创新。
Newsom said in a Sept. 29 statement that the bill focused too heavily on regulating top existing AI companies while not protecting the public from the “real” threats posed by the emerging technology.
纽瑟姆在 9 月 29 日的一份声明中表示,该法案过于注重监管现有的顶级人工智能公司,而没有保护公众免受新兴技术构成的“真正”威胁。
Authored by San Francisco Democratic Senator Scott Wiener, SB 1047 would also require developers in California — including big names like ChatGPT maker OpenAI, Meta, and Google — to implement a “kill switch” for their AI models and publish plans for mitigating extreme risks.
SB 1047 由旧金山民主党参议员 Scott Wiener 撰写,还要求加州的开发者(包括 ChatGPT 制造商 OpenAI、Meta 和 Google 等知名企业)为其人工智能模型实施“终止开关”,并发布缓解极端风险的计划。
If the bill were enacted, AI developers would also be subject to lawsuits by the state attorney general in the event of an ongoing threat from models such as an AI grid takeover.
如果该法案获得通过,如果人工智能网格接管等模型持续构成威胁,人工智能开发者还将面临州总检察长的诉讼。
Newsom said he had asked the world’s leading AI safety experts to assist California in “developing workable guardrails” that prioritize a “science-based trajectory analysis.” He also announced that he had directed state agencies to enhance their assessment of the risks posed by potential catastrophic events resulting from AI development.
纽瑟姆表示,他已要求世界领先的人工智能安全专家协助加州“开发可行的护栏”,优先考虑“基于科学的轨迹分析”。他还宣布,他已指示国家机构加强对人工智能发展造成的潜在灾难性事件所带来的风险的评估。
While vetoing SB 1047, Newsom emphasized the need for adequate safety protocols for AI, stating that regulators cannot “afford to wait for a major catastrophe to occur before taking action to protect the public.”
在否决 SB 1047 的同时,纽瑟姆强调人工智能需要足够的安全协议,并表示监管机构不能“等到重大灾难发生才采取行动保护公众”。
Newsom’s administration has signed over 18 bills related to AI regulation in the last 30 days, he added.
他补充说,纽瑟姆政府在过去 30 天内签署了超过 18 项与人工智能监管相关的法案。
The bill faced opposition from lawmakers, industry advisors, and big tech companies in the lead-up to Newsom's decision.
在纽瑟姆做出决定之前,该法案遭到了立法者、行业顾问和大型科技公司的反对。
House Speaker Nancy Pelosi and companies like OpenAI argued that it would significantly hamper the development of AI.
众议院议长南希·佩洛西和 OpenAI 等公司认为,这将严重阻碍人工智能的发展。
The head of AI policy at Abundance Institute, Neil Chilson, warned that while the bill is designed to target models of a specific cost and size — those costing over $100 million — its scope could easily be expanded to clamp down on smaller developers too.
Abundance Institute 人工智能政策负责人 Neil Chilson 警告称,虽然该法案旨在针对特定成本和规模的模型(成本超过 1 亿美元的模型),但其范围也可以轻松扩大,以压制规模较小的开发商。
However, a select few tech leaders, including billionaire Elon Musk, who is developing his own AI model called “Grok,” have expressed support for the bill and sweeping AI regulations more broadly.
然而,包括正在开发自己的人工智能模型“Grok”的亿万富翁埃隆·马斯克在内的少数科技领袖表示支持该法案并更广泛地推行人工智能法规。
In an Aug. 26 post to X, Musk stated that “California should probably pass the SB 1047 AI safety bill,” though he admitted that backing the bill was a “tough call.”
在 8 月 26 日发布的 X 帖子中,马斯克表示“加州或许应该通过 SB 1047 人工智能安全法案”,不过他承认支持该法案是一个“艰难的决定”。
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