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在紐瑟姆做出決定之前,該法案不受立法者、顧問和大型科技公司的歡迎。
California Governor Gavin Newsom has vetoed a hotly-contested artificial intelligence (AI) bill, arguing that it would hamper innovation and fail to protect the public from the “real” threats posed by the technology.
加州州長加文·紐瑟姆 (Gavin Newsom) 否決了一項備受爭議的人工智慧 (AI) 法案,認為該法案將阻礙創新,無法保護公眾免受該技術構成的「真正」威脅。
Newsom vetoed SB 1047 — the Safe and Secure Innovation for Frontier Artificial Intelligence Models Act — on Sept. 30. The bill had drawn strong opposition from Silicon Valley.
9 月 30 日,紐瑟姆否決了 SB 1047——《前沿人工智慧模型安全創新法案》。
It proposed mandatory safety testing of AI models and other guardrails, with tech companies expressing concerns that it would stifle innovation.
它提議對人工智慧模型和其他護欄進行強制性安全測試,科技公司表示擔心這會扼殺創新。
Newsom said in a Sept. 29 statement that the bill focused too heavily on regulating top existing AI companies while not protecting the public from the “real” threats posed by the emerging technology.
紐瑟姆在 9 月 29 日的聲明中表示,該法案過於注重監管現有的頂級人工智慧公司,而沒有保護公眾免受新興技術構成的「真正」威脅。
Authored by San Francisco Democratic Senator Scott Wiener, SB 1047 would also require developers in California — including big names like ChatGPT maker OpenAI, Meta, and Google — to implement a “kill switch” for their AI models and publish plans for mitigating extreme risks.
SB 1047 由舊金山民主黨參議員 Scott Wiener 撰寫,還要求加州的開發者(包括 ChatGPT 製造商 OpenAI、Meta 和 Google 等知名企業)為其人工智慧模型實施“終止開關”,並發布緩解極端風險的計劃。
If the bill were enacted, AI developers would also be subject to lawsuits by the state attorney general in the event of an ongoing threat from models such as an AI grid takeover.
如果該法案獲得通過,如果人工智慧網格接管等模型持續構成威脅,人工智慧開發者也將面臨州總檢察長的訴訟。
Newsom said he had asked the world’s leading AI safety experts to assist California in “developing workable guardrails” that prioritize a “science-based trajectory analysis.” He also announced that he had directed state agencies to enhance their assessment of the risks posed by potential catastrophic events resulting from AI development.
紐瑟姆表示,他已要求世界領先的人工智慧安全專家協助加州“開發可行的護欄”,優先考慮“基於科學的軌跡分析”。他還宣布,他已指示國家機構加強對人工智慧發展造成的潛在災難性事件所帶來的風險的評估。
While vetoing SB 1047, Newsom emphasized the need for adequate safety protocols for AI, stating that regulators cannot “afford to wait for a major catastrophe to occur before taking action to protect the public.”
在否決 SB 1047 的同時,紐瑟姆強調人工智慧需要足夠的安全協議,並表示監管機構不能「等到重大災難發生才採取行動保護公眾」。
Newsom’s administration has signed over 18 bills related to AI regulation in the last 30 days, he added.
他補充說,紐瑟姆政府在過去 30 天內簽署了超過 18 項與人工智慧監管相關的法案。
The bill faced opposition from lawmakers, industry advisors, and big tech companies in the lead-up to Newsom's decision.
在紐瑟姆做出決定之前,該法案遭到了立法者、行業顧問和大型科技公司的反對。
House Speaker Nancy Pelosi and companies like OpenAI argued that it would significantly hamper the development of AI.
眾議院議長南希·佩洛西和 OpenAI 等公司認為,這將嚴重阻礙人工智慧的發展。
The head of AI policy at Abundance Institute, Neil Chilson, warned that while the bill is designed to target models of a specific cost and size — those costing over $100 million — its scope could easily be expanded to clamp down on smaller developers too.
Abundance Institute 人工智慧政策負責人Neil Chilson 警告稱,雖然該法案旨在針對特定成本和規模的模型(成本超過1 億美元的模型),但其範圍也可以輕鬆擴大,以壓制規模較小的開發商。
However, a select few tech leaders, including billionaire Elon Musk, who is developing his own AI model called “Grok,” have expressed support for the bill and sweeping AI regulations more broadly.
然而,包括正在開發自己的人工智慧模型「Grok」的億萬富翁伊隆馬斯克在內的少數科技領袖表示支持該法案並更廣泛地推行人工智慧法規。
In an Aug. 26 post to X, Musk stated that “California should probably pass the SB 1047 AI safety bill,” though he admitted that backing the bill was a “tough call.”
在 8 月 26 日發布的 X 帖子中,馬斯克表示“加州可能應該通過 SB 1047 人工智慧安全法案”,不過他承認支持該法案是一個“艱難的決定”。
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