自区块链出现已经将近16年了

自区块链从其深奥的边缘出现以来已有将近16年的时间

It’s been almost 16 years since blockchain emerged from its esoteric fringes to enter global discourse, evidenced most recently by continued backing from Wall Street incumbents. Despite this remarkable ascendancy, the unfortunate truth is that this technology has yet to realize its true business potential.

自区块链从其深奥的边缘出现以来，进入全球话语已经将近16年了，最近继续从华尔街现任者那里支持。尽管这一显着升级，但不幸的事实是，这项技术尚未实现其真正的业务潜力。

A core challenge persists: Too much sensitive data remains publicly unshielded.

核心挑战仍然存在：太多的敏感数据仍然公开屏蔽。

Crucially, companies must keep business data confidential, and people strive to safeguard their personal information as best they can. However, once data is put on a public blockchain, it becomes irreversibly and indefinitely exposed.

至关重要的是，公司必须将业务数据保密，人们尽力保护其个人信息。但是，一旦将数据放在公共区块链上，它就会无限期地曝光。

Even if a business takes every possible precaution to conceal data, mistakes made by others or vulnerabilities in the system can expose sensitive onchain data or metadata, including participants’ identities, leading to privacy breaches, compliance violations or both. This undermines the foundational assumption that blockchain is trusted and underscores the importance of robust measures to protect sensitive data.

即使企业采取一切可能的预防措施来掩盖数据，其他人或系统中漏洞的错误也会暴露出敏感的OnChain数据或元数据，包括参与者的身份，导致隐私漏洞，违反合规性或两者兼而有之。这破坏了一个基本假设，即区块链是值得信赖的，并强调了保护敏感数据的强大度量的重要性。

On the other side of that coin, concealing activity on a blockchain can open the door to money laundering, triggering negative government responses. Instances in which this has occurred have led to a false impression that governments oppose Web3 privacy, a criterion businesses fundamentally need for them to adopt the technology.

在那枚硬币的另一侧，隐藏区块链上的活动可以打开洗钱的大门，引发负面的政府回应。发生这种情况的实例导致了一个错误的印象，即政府反对Web3隐私，这是一个从根本上需要他们采用该技术的标准。

From whichever angle we look at it, maintaining privacy onchain is a real and complex issue for Web3. Until we solve it, businesses will not and should not be expected to cross the chasm.

从我们看的任何角度来看，维护隐私Onchain是Web3的真实和复杂问题。在我们解决它之前，企业不会也不应该期望跨越鸿沟。

The belief that governments oppose privacy on the blockchain is wrong

相信政府反对区块链隐私是错误的信念

Web3 entrepreneurs have grown to fear that building decentralized applications and businesses that provide financial anonymity could land them in regulatory trouble. Just look at Samourai Wallet, whose co-founders were charged with money laundering, or Tornado Cash, whose developer was sentenced to 64 months in prison for similar reasons.

Web3企业家已经越来越担心建立提供财务匿名的分散的应用程序和企业可能会使他们陷入监管问题。只要看一下萨穆莱钱包，他们的联合创始人被指控洗钱或龙卷风现金，其开发商因类似原因被判处64个月监禁。

These responses have led to a consensus that governments are opposed to privacy altogether when it comes to blockchain.

这些回应导致人们达成共识，即政府在区块链方面完全反对隐私。

This couldn’t be further from the truth. Governments don’t oppose privacy but mandate it across industries. Data protection laws, like the General Data Protection Regulation or the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, are in place to ensure businesses protect our customer data from misuse and security threats.

这与事实相距甚远。政府不反对隐私，而是在跨行业授权它。数据保护法，例如《通用数据保护法规》或《健康保险可移植性和问责制法》，以确保企业保护我们的客户数据免受滥用和安全威胁。

The real issue these high-profile cases reveal is that Web3 measures to protect data have created opportunities for misuse, enabling the facilitation of criminal activities that have understandably raised serious concerns on behalf of governments. Blockchain data protection capabilities should not undermine established cross-jurisdictional laws safeguarding the global community from terrorism, human trafficking, fraud and other criminal offenses.

这些备受瞩目的案件的真正问题表明，Web3保护数据的措施为滥用而创造了机会，从而促进了犯罪活动，这些犯罪活动可以理解地代表政府引起了严重的关注。区块链数据保护能力不应破坏确定的跨司法法律，以保护全球社区免受恐怖主义，人口贩运，欺诈和其他刑事罪行的影响。

This begs the question: What does privacy, done right, look like?

这就引出了一个问题：隐私，做对，看起来是什么？

Selective disclosure

选择性披露

When it comes to using blockchain, protecting sensitive data is typically accomplished by either keeping the data offchain, or encrypting data onchain. The latter is not durable privacy given quantum computing’s rapid advances in cracking encryption.

在使用区块链时，通常通过保持数据链或对数据进行加密来实现保护敏感数据。考虑到量子计算在破裂加密方面的快速进步，后者不是持久的隐私。

The advent of zero-knowledge (ZK) technology, a complex cryptographic technique, allows users to ensure sensitive data remains offchain by sharing attestations about the validity of the data instead. In Web3, ZK has emerged as a transformative way to enhance privacy as it enables untrusted parties to validate that a transaction has occurred without sharing any information about the transaction.

复杂的加密技术零知识（ZK）技术的出现，允许用户通过共享对数据的有效性的证明来确保敏感数据保持偏僻。在Web3中，ZK已成为增强隐私性的一种变革性方法，因为它使不信任的当事方能够验证事务发生，而无需共享有关交易的任何信息。

Decentralized applications can exercise selective disclosure by choosing between putting data onchain (full disclosure), putting it onchain with encryption (disclosure via viewing keys) or using ZK to only publish attestation about the data (offering utility without any disclosure). Selective data disclosure only solves half of the puzzle. It was not designed to account for metadata.

分散申请可以通过在将数据放在链上（全部披露），将其加密（通过查看密钥披露）进行选择，或者使用ZK仅发布有关数据的证明（提供实用程序而无需任何披露）来进行选择性披露。选择性数据披露仅解决了一半的难题。它不是为了解释元数据。

The next privacy frontier

下一个隐私边界

Metadata, the information surrounding our data, is an under-discussed component of blockchain’s exposure of sensitive information; it can be used to make inferences, creating an added layer of vulnerability even when the data itself is concealed.

元数据是围绕我们数据的信息，是区块链暴露敏感信息的不足的组成部分。它可以用于进行推断，即使隐藏了数据本身，也可以创建一个附加的漏洞层。

For example, through transaction metadata, investment and trading strategies can be inferred in addition to other behavioral patterns. For businesses, the implications of this can be detrimental to their growth and ability to stay ahead of competitors. They can’t afford to have trade secrets and strategies, or even the identities of other parties they are transacting with, made public.

例如，通过交易元数据，除了其他行为模式外，还可以推断出投资和交易策略。对于企业而言，这种影响可能不利于其成长和领先于竞争对手的能力。他们负担不起商业秘密和策略，甚至是与他们正在交易的其他当事方的身份，公开的。

The need to protect metadata and remove the ability to make inferences is paramount to security and can be addressed using a private token. Such capability can, however, be easily misused for money laundering.

保护元数据并删除进行推断的能力的需求对安全性至关重要，可以使用私人令牌来解决。但是，这种能力很容易被滥用用于洗钱。

If using a private token is not the solution, and using a public token does not provide sufficient levels of confidentiality, then the way to solve this challenge is to rethink Web3’s approach to protecting metadata altogether. We need to combine the benefits of both approaches, effectively creating a dual-asset system in which a public and a private token are used. Each asset functions independently, meaning specific restrictions can be placed to prevent illicit activities such as money laundering while retaining all the benefits.

如果使用私人令牌不是解决方案，并且使用公共令牌不能提供足够的机密性，那么解决这一挑战的方法就是重新考虑Web3的方法以完全保护元数据。我们需要结合两种方法的好处，有效地创建了一个双资产系统，其中使用了公共和私人令牌。每个资产都独立起作用，这意味着可以放置特定的限制，以防止非法活动，例如洗钱，同时保留所有福利。

A powerful framework

一个强大的框架

The dual-asset system enables confidentiality without the ailments shielding metadata usually brings, making compliance and business policy enforcement possible. By combining this tokenomics structure with selective disclosure, privacy and regulatory compliance can coexist

双资产系统可以使机密性无疾病屏蔽元数据通常会带来，从而使合规性和业务政策执法成为可能。通过将这种令牌学结构与选择性披露相结合，隐私和法规合规性可以共存