自區塊鏈出現已經將近16年了

自區塊鏈從其深奧的邊緣出現以來已有將近16年的時間

It’s been almost 16 years since blockchain emerged from its esoteric fringes to enter global discourse, evidenced most recently by continued backing from Wall Street incumbents. Despite this remarkable ascendancy, the unfortunate truth is that this technology has yet to realize its true business potential.

自區塊鏈從其深奧的邊緣出現以來，進入全球話語已經將近16年了，最近繼續從華爾街現任者那裡支持。儘管這一顯著升級，但不幸的事實是，這項技術尚未實現其真正的業務潛力。

A core challenge persists: Too much sensitive data remains publicly unshielded.

核心挑戰仍然存在：太多的敏感數據仍然公開屏蔽。

Crucially, companies must keep business data confidential, and people strive to safeguard their personal information as best they can. However, once data is put on a public blockchain, it becomes irreversibly and indefinitely exposed.

至關重要的是，公司必須將業務數據保密，人們盡力保護其個人信息。但是，一旦將數據放在公共區塊鏈上，它就會無限期地曝光。

Even if a business takes every possible precaution to conceal data, mistakes made by others or vulnerabilities in the system can expose sensitive onchain data or metadata, including participants’ identities, leading to privacy breaches, compliance violations or both. This undermines the foundational assumption that blockchain is trusted and underscores the importance of robust measures to protect sensitive data.

即使企業採取一切可能的預防措施來掩蓋數據，其他人或系統中漏洞的錯誤也會暴露出敏感的OnChain數據或元數據，包括參與者的身份，導致隱私漏洞，違反合規性或兩者兼而有之。這破壞了一個基本假設，即區塊鍊是值得信賴的，並強調了保護敏感數據的強大度量的重要性。

On the other side of that coin, concealing activity on a blockchain can open the door to money laundering, triggering negative government responses. Instances in which this has occurred have led to a false impression that governments oppose Web3 privacy, a criterion businesses fundamentally need for them to adopt the technology.

在那枚硬幣的另一側，隱藏區塊鏈上的活動可以打開洗錢的大門，引發負面的政府回應。發生這種情況的實例導致了一個錯誤的印象，即政府反對Web3隱私，這是一個從根本上需要他們採用該技術的標準。

From whichever angle we look at it, maintaining privacy onchain is a real and complex issue for Web3. Until we solve it, businesses will not and should not be expected to cross the chasm.

從我們看的任何角度來看，維護隱私Onchain是Web3的真實和復雜問題。在我們解決它之前，企業不會也不應該期望跨越鴻溝。

The belief that governments oppose privacy on the blockchain is wrong

相信政府反對區塊鏈隱私是錯誤的信念

Web3 entrepreneurs have grown to fear that building decentralized applications and businesses that provide financial anonymity could land them in regulatory trouble. Just look at Samourai Wallet, whose co-founders were charged with money laundering, or Tornado Cash, whose developer was sentenced to 64 months in prison for similar reasons.

Web3企業家已經越來越擔心建立提供財務匿名的分散的應用程序和企業可能會使他們陷入監管問題。只要看一下薩穆萊錢包，他們的聯合創始人被指控洗錢或龍捲風現金，其開發商因類似原因被判處64個月監禁。

These responses have led to a consensus that governments are opposed to privacy altogether when it comes to blockchain.

這些回應導致人們達成共識，即政府在區塊鏈方面完全反對隱私。

This couldn’t be further from the truth. Governments don’t oppose privacy but mandate it across industries. Data protection laws, like the General Data Protection Regulation or the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, are in place to ensure businesses protect our customer data from misuse and security threats.

這與事實相距甚遠。政府不反對隱私，而是在跨行業授權它。數據保護法，例如《通用數據保護法規》或《健康保險可移植性和問責制法》，以確保企業保護我們的客戶數據免受濫用和安全威脅。

The real issue these high-profile cases reveal is that Web3 measures to protect data have created opportunities for misuse, enabling the facilitation of criminal activities that have understandably raised serious concerns on behalf of governments. Blockchain data protection capabilities should not undermine established cross-jurisdictional laws safeguarding the global community from terrorism, human trafficking, fraud and other criminal offenses.

這些備受矚目的案件的真正問題表明，Web3保護數據的措施為濫用而創造了機會，從而促進了犯罪活動，這些犯罪活動可以理解地代表政府引起了嚴重的關注。區塊鏈數據保護能力不應破壞確定的跨司法法律，以保護全球社區免受恐怖主義，人口販運，欺詐和其他刑事罪行的影響。

This begs the question: What does privacy, done right, look like?

這就引出了一個問題：隱私，做對，看起來是什麼？

Selective disclosure

選擇性披露

When it comes to using blockchain, protecting sensitive data is typically accomplished by either keeping the data offchain, or encrypting data onchain. The latter is not durable privacy given quantum computing’s rapid advances in cracking encryption.

在使用區塊鏈時，通常通過保持數據鍊或對數據進行加密來實現保護敏感數據。考慮到量子計算在破裂加密方面的快速進步，後者不是持久的隱私。

The advent of zero-knowledge (ZK) technology, a complex cryptographic technique, allows users to ensure sensitive data remains offchain by sharing attestations about the validity of the data instead. In Web3, ZK has emerged as a transformative way to enhance privacy as it enables untrusted parties to validate that a transaction has occurred without sharing any information about the transaction.

複雜的加密技術零知識（ZK）技術的出現，允許用戶通過共享對數據的有效性的證明來確保敏感數據保持偏僻。在Web3中，ZK已成為增強隱私性的一種變革性方法，因為它使不信任的當事方能夠驗證事務發生，而無需共享有關交易的任何信息。

Decentralized applications can exercise selective disclosure by choosing between putting data onchain (full disclosure), putting it onchain with encryption (disclosure via viewing keys) or using ZK to only publish attestation about the data (offering utility without any disclosure). Selective data disclosure only solves half of the puzzle. It was not designed to account for metadata.

分散申請可以通過在將數據放在鏈上（全部披露），將其加密（通過查看密鑰披露）進行選擇，或者使用ZK僅發布有關數據的證明（提供實用程序而無需任何披露）來進行選擇性披露。選擇性數據披露僅解決了一半的難題。它不是為了解釋元數據。

The next privacy frontier

下一個隱私邊界

Metadata, the information surrounding our data, is an under-discussed component of blockchain’s exposure of sensitive information; it can be used to make inferences, creating an added layer of vulnerability even when the data itself is concealed.

元數據是圍繞我們數據的信息，是區塊鏈暴露敏感信息的不足的組成部分。它可以用於進行推斷，即使隱藏了數據本身，也可以創建一個附加的漏洞層。

For example, through transaction metadata, investment and trading strategies can be inferred in addition to other behavioral patterns. For businesses, the implications of this can be detrimental to their growth and ability to stay ahead of competitors. They can’t afford to have trade secrets and strategies, or even the identities of other parties they are transacting with, made public.

例如，通過交易元數據，除了其他行為模式外，還可以推斷出投資和交易策略。對於企業而言，這種影響可能不利於其成長和領先於競爭對手的能力。他們負擔不起商業秘密和策略，甚至是與他們正在交易的其他當事方的身份，公開的。

The need to protect metadata and remove the ability to make inferences is paramount to security and can be addressed using a private token. Such capability can, however, be easily misused for money laundering.

保護元數據並刪除進行推斷的能力的需求對安全性至關重要，可以使用私人令牌來解決。但是，這種能力很容易被濫用用於洗錢。

If using a private token is not the solution, and using a public token does not provide sufficient levels of confidentiality, then the way to solve this challenge is to rethink Web3’s approach to protecting metadata altogether. We need to combine the benefits of both approaches, effectively creating a dual-asset system in which a public and a private token are used. Each asset functions independently, meaning specific restrictions can be placed to prevent illicit activities such as money laundering while retaining all the benefits.

如果使用私人令牌不是解決方案，並且使用公共令牌不能提供足夠的機密性，那麼解決這一挑戰的方法就是重新考慮Web3的方法以完全保護元數據。我們需要結合兩種方法的好處，有效地創建了一個雙資產系統，其中使用了公共和私人令牌。每個資產都獨立起作用，這意味著可以放置特定的限制，以防止非法活動，例如洗錢，同時保留所有福利。

A powerful framework

一個強大的框架

The dual-asset system enables confidentiality without the ailments shielding metadata usually brings, making compliance and business policy enforcement possible. By combining this tokenomics structure with selective disclosure, privacy and regulatory compliance can coexist

雙資產系統可以使機密性無疾病屏蔽元數據通常會帶來，從而使合規性和業務政策執法成為可能。通過將這種令牌學結構與選擇性披露相結合，隱私和法規合規性可以共存